<.vd;.b.vy.vg; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Kfhq;fspy; tpepNahfpj;j Jz;Lg;gpuRuk; 

jkpoh;fis mbikfshf;f miog;G tpLf;Fk; rpq;fs muR

“<oj; jkpoh;fspd; Rje;jpuf; Nfhhpf;if tPo;j;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mth;fsJ gyKk; Kwpabf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. <oj;jpd; midj;J fly; gug;Gk; rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fspd; MOikf;F te;Jtpl;lJ” nra;jpfs; gug;ggLfpd;wd. chpik vd;w Fuy; Kw;wpYkhf eRf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.” vd;W nra;jpfs; gug;ggLfpd;wd. fle;j 2500 Mz;L fhy tuyhw;wpy; rpq;fs ,d Ml;rpahsh;fs; <oj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j fly; gFjpiaAk; jq;fsJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;  nfhz;Lte;jJ. ,JNt Kjy; jlitahFk; vd;gJ kl;Lk; cz;ikahFk;

td;dp Kfhk;fspy; milf;fg;gl;l vq;fs; kf;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp>tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhz kf;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp ,uz;L gFjpapdUNk xU ghJfhg;gw;w ifjpfshf thoNtz;ba #oy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpq;fs muR ve;jj; jkpoiuAk; ifJ nra;ayhk;> my;yJ flj;jpr; nry;yyhk;> rpj;jputij nra;J nfhiy nra;ayhk;. ,it vtw;Wf;Fk; ePjp tprhuid fpilahJ. Nfs;tp Nfl;f ahUf;Fk; chpik ,y;iy> Nfs;tp Nfl;gjw;Fk; ahUk; fpilahJ.

              rpq;fs muRf;F mbikahd ,af;fq;fs;.

rpq;fs murhq;fj;ij mz;bg;gpiof;Fk; rpy jkpo; ,af;fq;fs; ,d;iwa #oypy; jq;fis xU Ml;rpahsh;fshff; fhz;gpf;fyhk;. rpy rYiiffis ngw;Wj; jUtJ Nghd;w Njhw;wj;jpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Mdhy; ,th;fs; midtUk;; rpq;fs murpd; mbikfs; vd;gjpid epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpq;fs murpd; ghJfhg;gpy;> mth;fsJ gzj;jpy;> mth;fsJ mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; te;jth;fs; vd;gjidAk; kwe;Jtplf;$lhJ.

“<oj;jpy; mikjp jpUk;gptpl;lJ> ey;yho;T kyug; NghfpwJ. ‘jpUk;gp te;jhy; gzKk;> tho;Tk; toq;FNthk;” vd;W jkpo; ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; jkJ Kfth;fs; %ykhf nra;jpfs; gug;Gfpd;wdh;. ,jid ek;gp gyUk; Kd;gjpT  nra;J <ok; jpUk;g Kw;gLfpd;wdh; vd;w nra;jp vl;LfpwJ.

<oj; jkpoh;fspd; gpur;rpidfspy; Neubahfj; jiyaPL nra;af; $ba ehL ,e;jpah kl;LNk. Vida ehLfs; ntWk; mDjhgk; njhptpf;fyhk;> mwpf;fifs; tpLf;fyhk;. mwpf;iffs; rpwpyq;fhit ghjpf;fNghtjpy;iy> ,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPLjhd; jkpoh;fSf;F gf;fgykhdJ. Vd;gjid rpwpyq;fh ed;fwpAk;. mjid Kwpabf;f ,yq;if muR Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

tpLjiyg;Gypfis mopf;f rPdh> ghfp];jhd;> <uhd;> ypgpah> nrf;FbauR> gphpl;ld> urpah Nghd;w ehLfspypUe;J MAjq;fis ngUkstpy; ngw;W ntw;wpfz;lJ rpq;fs muR tpLjiyg;Gypfs; Vida jkpo; ,af;fq;fis mopj;jdh;. rpwpyq;fh muR Gypfis mopj;J xLf;fpdh;. tpNtfkww; Nghh; jkpoh;fis tPo;j;jpaJ. ,e;jpa Kd;dhs; gpujkh; mkuh; uh[pt;fhe;jpiaf; nfhiy nra;jjd; %yk; ,e;jpah jkpoh;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;G flikapypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhz;lJ.

               kfpe;jNd cz;ikahd gaq;futhjp

jkpoh;fs; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j xw;Wikapd;ik> gifAzh;T> re;jh;g;gthjk;> fhl;bf;nfhLg;Gfs; ,tw;wpd; %ykhfj;jhd; rpq;fs uhZtk; ntw;wpnfhz;lNj jtpu mth;fsJ tPuj;jpd %yky;y> rpq;fs muR midj;J jug;gpdiuAk; jkpo; ,af;fq;fisf;$l jkJ gf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; gbahf ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ. gy ehLfspy; mth;fs; ,tw;Wf;fhf #o;r;rpfis nra;jdh;. ,jd; %yk; ntspAyfpw;F mth;fs; fhz;gpj;jJ Gypfspd; gaq;futhj Kfj;jijj;jhd;.

Gypg; gaq;futhjj;ij tPo;j;JfpNwhk; cjTq;fs; vd;W cyf ehLfsplk; gpr;ir Nfl;lJ. rpwpyq;fh. Gypg; gaq;futhjk; vd;w $w;wpy; cz;ik ,Ue;jjij ahUk; kWf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; rpq;fs murpd; Nehf;fk; Gypfs; my;y> gjpyhf jkpo; ,dk; mopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ xLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ tpul;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vd;w nfhs;isapidj;jhd; ,th;fsJ Jg;ghf;fpfSf;F nfhOg;GjlTk; rpg;gha;fSf;Fg; Nghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ngsj;jKk; mth;fSf;F mjidNa Nghjpj;jJ.

Rq;fkpj;ijAk;> kfpe;jDk; ,yq;iff;F te;J ngsj;j kjj;ij gug;gpdh;. Njtek;gpajPrd; vd;Dk; muridAk; ,e;j ,UtUk;jhd; ngsj;j kjj;Jf;F khw;wpdh;. mg;gb kjk; gug;g te;j kfpe;jdpd; ngaiuf;  nfhz;lth;jhd; ,d;iwa kfpe;juh[gf;r. vdNtjhd; ,d;iwa kfpe;jDk;  jdJ Ml;rpapy; jkpoh; gFjpfspy; ngsj;j tpfhiufis mikj;J tUfpwhh;. jkpo; ,dj;ij mopj;J KO ,yq;ifiaAk; ngsj;jh;fspd; ehlhf;FtJjhd;. kfpe;jdpd; ,d;wa flikahfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy; gy gbj;j rpq;fs murpay;thjpfSk; nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

               midj;ijAk; ,oe;J epw;Fk; vk;kpdk;

,e;jj; jpl;lj;ijr; nraw;gLj;j jilahf ,Uf;Fk; xNu ehL ,e;jpahjhd;. ,e;jpahit ,J tplaj;jpy; ,Ue;J jtph;f;f vd;ndd;d topfisg; gpd;gw;w KbANkh mtw;iwnay;yhk; nraw;gLj;Jk;gb kfpe;jd; jdJ mjpfhhpfSf;F cj;jutpl;Ls;shh;.

,e;jpa kz;zpy; <oj; jkpoh;fs; ,Uf;Fk; tiuapy;jhd;. ,e;jpa jiyaPL ,yq;ifapy; ,Uf;Fk;. <o mfjpfis ,yq;iff;F ,Oj;J te;Jtpl;lhy; ,e;jpah ve;j tifapYk; jkpo; ,dg;gpur;rpidapy; jiyapLk;  jFjpia ,oe;JtpLk; vd;gJ kfpe;jdpd; ,d;iwa rpe;jid

,e;jr; nraw;jpl;lj;JFj;jhd; kfpe;jid mz;bg;gpiof;Fk; re;jg;gthj jkpo; ,af;fq;fis ,g;NghJ mth; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. Gzk; jUfpNwhk;. tPL jUfpNwhk;. epue;ju njhopy; jUfpNwhk;. Vd;nwy;yhk; Mir thh;j;ijfs; $wp <o kf;fis jkpofj;jpypUe;J mioj;Jr; nry;y Kw;gl;Ls;shh; kfpe;jd;. rpq;fs ,dj;jth; Neubahf jkpofj;Jf;F te;J ,e;jg;gzpia nra;aKbahJ. vdNtjhd; re;jg;gthj jkpo; ,af;fq;fis gad;gLj;JfpwJ rpq;fs muR. ,e;jr; nraw;jpl;lJf;F nrd;idapy; cs;s ,yq;ifapd; Jizj;Jhjufk; kpfTk; ,ufrpakhf nraw;glL;f; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

vq;fs; <o kf;fs; fle;j fhy; EHw;whz;lhf jkpof Kfhk;fspy; midj;ijAk; ,oe;J tpLjiy xd;wpd; %yNk tpbt vd;w vz;zj;jpy; thoe;J tUfpd;wdh;. 1987> 2002 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; gpur;rpid jPhe;Jtpl;lJ vd;W vz;zpf;nfhz;L <ok; jpUk;gpa vq;fs; kf;fs; kPz;Lk; ,e;jpahtpy; jQ;rk; mila Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lij ehk; kwe;JtplKbahJ.

,dp xU jilt <o kf;fs; ehL jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd;why; chpik cs;s kf;fshfTk;> ghJfhg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk; cs;s Xh; epiyapy; jhd; jhafk; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;. jkpoh;fs; tYthf ,Ue;j fhyq;fspNyNa mfjpfshf ntspNaw Ntz;ba epiy ehd;F fl;lq;fspy; vw;gllJ.(1983. 1990> 2002> 2009)

                 kuzf; fsj;jpy; Njh;jy;

,d;W jkpoh;fs; tYthd epiyapy; ,y;iy> murpay; nghUshjhuk;> r%f mikg;Gfs; rpijf;fgl;l epiyapy; vq;fs; vjphpfs; vq;fs; ,dj;ij miof;fpd;wdh; thUq;fs; thoitf;fpNwhk;” vd;W mJTk; re;jh;g;gthj> mz;bg;ggpiof;Fk; FOf;fisf; nfhz;L

Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lj;jpy; jkpo; ,dk; mopf;fg;gl;lNghJ ,e;jf; Fof;fshy; kfpe;jpdlk; ,Ue;J vjidAk; ahrpf;f Kbatpy;iy. gLnfhiyfs; ele;j xU khj fhyj;jpy; kfpe;jd; tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;Sh; rigfSf;Fj; Njh;jy; elj;Jfpwhh;. %d;W yl;rk; jkpoh;fs; K;sSf;fk;gpfSf;Fs; milf;fgl;lbUf;Fk; NghJ Njh;jy; elj;j Vtg;gl;lth;fs; ,e;jr; re;jg;gthjpfs; me;j Njh;jypy; fye;J nfhz;l mj;jid ,af;fq;fSk; jkpo; ,dj;jpd; ,uj;jj;jpy; gjtp mila Kw;gl;lth;fNs my;yhky; ,th;fs; jkpoh;fshf ,Uf;f jFjpaw;wth;fs; ,th;fsJ $w;Wf;fis ek;gp vQ;rpa jkpoh;fSk; Vkhe;Jtplf; $lhJ. epue;jukhd xU jPh;T Vw;gLk; tiu jkpoh;fs; ,e;j ehpfspd; fijfisf; Nfl;L rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fsplk; rpf;fpf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

ehk;  Nfl;gJ vkJ nrhe;j ehl;il. mJ kWfg;gl;L tUfpwJ. Fiwe;j gl;rkhf ehk; ghjfhg;Gld;. tho;tjw;F vd;whYk; chpa topfitfis tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb Vw;gLj;Jk; topfSf;fhf jlj;ij ehNk mopj;Jtplf; $lhJ. kfpe;jd; jkpo; ,dj;Jf;F nra;j nfhLikfis cyfk; Ntbf;if ghhj;jJ. fhuzk; Gypfspd; gaq;futhjk; vd;w nray;ghL cyf mDjhgj;ij kiwj;J epd;wJ. ,jdhy; kfpe;jDf;F ntw;wpfpl;lbaJ. vdNt kfpe;jd; mLj;j efh;Tf;F Gwg;gl;Ltpl;lhh;.

               Ntbf;if ghh;f;Fk; I.eh kd;wk;

jkpo; ,dj;Jf;F chpik kWf;fg;LtJ fle;j miu Ehw;whz;lhf eilngw;W tUtJjhd;. ,jid cyfj;jhh; ed;fwpth;. Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpah mDgtj;Jld; njhpe;J itj;Js;sJ. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F Kw;gl;l fhyfl;lj;jpy; cyfpd; gy ,dq;fSf;Fk; ehLfSf;Fk; tpLjiy fpilj;jd. Mdhy; <oj;jpd jkpo; ,dj;Jf;Fj;jhd; nky;y nky;y chpikfs; gwpf;fgl;L mbikfshf;fggl;L ,Wjpapy; mopitNa re;jpj;jJ.

jkpo; ,dj;jpd; epyg;gug;Gfs;> chpikfs; vd;W midj;ijAk; gwpj;jJ kl;Lk; my;yhky; td;Kiw %yk; vq;fs; ,dj;ij mopf;f Kw;gl;ld rpq;fs muRfs;. 1958> 1961> 1977> 1981> 1983 Mfpa fhyfl;lq;fspy; fytuk; vd;w Nghh;itapy; rpq;fs muRk;> mjd; gilfSk; ngsj;j jPtputhjpfSk; ,ize;J vq;fs; ,dj;ij jhf;fp mopj;jdh;. 1983 ,w;Fg; gpd;dh;jhd; ,e;jpah ,yq;if muir jl;bf; Nfl;f Muk;gpj;jJ. I.eh kd;wk; vd;w mikg;G vq;fs; ,dk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLk; NghJ mjid jLj;J epWj;j Kw;gl;lNj fpilahJ. njhlh;e;Jk; rpq;fs muRf;F me;j kd;wj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; toq;fpNa te;jij ehk; kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ.

tpLjiy> rkhjhdk;> ey;tho;t vd;w nfhs;ifAld; Muk;gpf;fgl;l If;fpaehLfs; kd;wk; jkpo; ,dk; mopf;fg;gLtij ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L mwpf;if ntspapl;L nkhj;j cyfj;ijAk; Vkhw;wpaJ. NguopT Kbe;jJk; cwq;F thd; Cu;j;;jpapy; ghh;itapl;L nrd;whh; I.eh kd;w jiyth;. murpay; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf mikf;fgl;l ,e;j mikg;G rpy ehLfspd; fl;L;gghl;by; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. ,e;j mikg;gpd; %yk; vq;fs; ,dk; Rje;jpukila tha;g;Ng ,y;iy ve;j jPh;khdj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhYk; rPd ehL mjid Kwpabf;f jdf;fhd “tPl;Nlh” mjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; fhuzk; rpq;fs muRf;Fk; rPdhTf;Fkhd njhlh;G mj;jid typikahdJ. njw;fhrpahtpy; rPdhtpd; jsk; rpq;fs gFjpf;F efh;e;Js;Nj ,jw;fhd fhuzk;.

mj;Jld; Ig;ghd;> rPdh Nghd;w ehLfspd; ngsj;jk; Nt&d;wpAs;sJ. ngsj;jDf;F ngsj;jd; MjuT vd;w nfhs;ifSAk; ,tw;Wld; ,ize;Js;sjhy; rPdh rpq;fsthpd; gf;fk; vd;gjpy; khW;Wf; fUj;J ,Uf;f KbahJ.

  chpikfs; cWjp nra;ag;gLk; tiu jhafk; jpUk;g Ntz;lhk;.

vq;fs; ,dj;jpw;F ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Jiz epw;f$ba ehL ,e;jpah kl;LNk. <oj; jkpoh; tplaj;jpy; ,e;jpah xJq;fp epw;gjw;fhd fhuzk; cyfk; mwpe;jNj. mjid tpsf;fNtz;ba Njit ,g;NghJ ,y;iy. vdNt <oj; jkpoh;fs; midtUk; Xw;WikAld; nraw;gl;lhy; tpbT fpilf;Fk;. jtpu rpq;fs muRld; ek;gp thOk; ,af;fq;fspd; ngha; ciuapid ek;gp rpwpyq;fh nrd;wile;jhy; ehNk typar; nrd;W rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fs; ntl;b itj;Js;s Fopapy; tPo;tjw;F rkkhFk;.

vdNt> <oj; jkpoh;fspd; ghJfhg;G> tpLjiy> epUthfg;gfph;T> rpq;fs; FbNaw;wq;fis ntspNaw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,e;jpah cWjpaspj;J nraw;gLk; tiu ahUk; ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;lhk;. Vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. tpbay; Njhd;Wk;; nghWj;jpUq;fs;.vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpNwhk;

ed;wpAld;

<o Njrpa [dehaf tpLjiy Kd;dzp

,j;Jz;Lg;gpuRuj;jpy; cs;s fUj;Jf;fpspy; vkf;F vt;tpj cld;ghLk; ,y;iy. gy fhyk; fhzhky; Nghd <o Njrpa [dehaf tpLjiy Kd;dzp ,d; jw;Nghija ‘murpay; epiyg;ghl;il’ mwpe;J nfhs;s ,J cjTk; vdgjpdhy; ,q;F ,jidg; gpuRupf;fpd;Nwhk; - #j;jpuk; Mrpupau;FO