murpay; Kd;nkhopTfSk; Vkhw;wg;gLk; K];yPk; r%fKk; (ghfk;-3)

-fpof;fhd; Mjk;-

jq;fSf;F muRfs; toq;fptUk; rYiffSk; gjtpfSk; mLj;j jug;G gykhf vOk; NghJ jq;fsplk; ,Ue;J gwpf;fg; gl;LtpLk; vd;gJld; mtu;fs; toq;Ffpd;wtw;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;sNtz;ba xU murpay; tq;FNuhj;J epiyiaAk; K];yPk;fSf;F Vw;gLj;jg; gLk; mghaKk; mjpy; cz;L.

rpyu; thjpLtJ Nghd;W “vupfpw tPl;by; gpLq;FtJ ,yhgk;” vd;w fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mj;jifa nraw;ghL jw;NghJ K];yPk; r%fj;jhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L Mjupf;fg; gl;lhYk; ,e;j murpay; rf;jpfs; jq;fSf;Fs; xU gykhd mikg;ghf $l;LwTld; nraw;glhikahdJ vq;fs; r%fj;jpw;F re;Njfj;ijNa Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ.

,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; kpfTk; gykhd vjpu;fl;rpahf my;yJ vjpu;jug;ghf ,yq;ifapy; jkpo;NgRk; jug;G nraw;gl;l NghNj mtu;fs; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; ngUd;ghd;ik murpay; rf;jpfshy; Vkhw;wg;gl;Nl te;Js;sdu; vd;gJ cz;ik.

1915 k; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; fhypapy; ele;j ,df;fytuj;jpd; gpd; ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;j mg;Nghija murpay; jiytu;fs; xd;wpide;J rpy rq;fq;fis cUthf;fpdu; mitahtd Njrpa rq;fk;> ,yq;if rPu;jpUj;jf; fofk;> aho;ghz rq;fk; vd;gdthFk;. ,itfs; ,ize;J 1918k; Mz;L fhyg; gFjpapy; xU xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;ldu;. mjpy; jkpou; jug;G rhu;gpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l gpujhd Nfhupf;ifahf>jkpoupd; tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;Nfw;g gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vd;gNj fhzg;gl;lJ ,jpy; mg;Nghija jiytu;fs; ,zf;fk; fz;bUe;jdu;. jkpo;NgRk; K];yPk; kw;Wk; Vidatu;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtq;fSk; me;j kf;fspd; tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F Vw;g toq;fg;glTk; ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;bUe;j;J ,e;j mbg;gilapy; gpd; ehspy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg; gl;bUe;j ,e;j tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpj;Jt rl;lNk rpWghd;ik r%fk;fs; murpaypy; nry;thf;Fj; nrYj;j top mikj;jJ K];yPk;fs; fdprkhd msT murpaypy; nry;thf;F ngwTk; ,k; KiwNa top tFj;jJ.

jkpoupd; tho;Twpikapy; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd; mLj;J fdprkhd rPu;jpUj;jq;fSld; mf;fhy gpur;rpidf;F Vw;g Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ gz;lh-nry;th xg;ge;jkhFk;. ,J 1957k; Mz;L v];.lt;spA+.Mu;.b gz;lhuehaf;f mtu;fSf;Fk;  je;ij nry;thf;Fk; ,ilapy; ifrhj;jplg; gl;ljhFk; ,jpy; Kf;fpa mk;rkhf jkpou; nkhopg; gpur;rpidNa Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.

·         ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fs; FbNaw;wq;fs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gly;

·         Njrpa nkhopahf jkpo; cj;jpNahf mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jy;.

·         jkpou; thOk; tl fpof;fpy; jkpo; epu;thf nkhopahf nraw;gLj;jg;gly;

·         jkpou; gz;ghl;L fyhr;rhu cupikAk; mjw;fhd ghJfhg;Gk;

·         gpuNjr rigfs; rl;lKk; ”gpuNjr Rahl;rpAk;” kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gLjy;

vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; gpujhd mg;Nghija gpur;rpidfSf;F XusNtDk; jPu;T fhz;gjw;fhfNt ,j; jug;ghu; Kw;gl;ldu; ,jd; %yk; gpuNjr rigfs;  mikf;fg;gLtjw;F ,JNt Kjw; fhuzpahftpUe;jJ. vd;whYk; 1958k; Mz;L Vg;uy; 08k; jpfjp ,J gpuRupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jpdj;jpy; gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; ,y;yj;jpw;F Kd;ghf murhq;fj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fSk; Gj;j gpf;FkhUk; elj;jpa Nghuhl;lj;ij njhlu;e;J ,e;j xg;ge;jk; fpopj;njwpag;gl;lJ. mNj Mz;L jkpoURf; fl;rpapd; gj;jpupifahd Rje;jpuDld; Nru;j;J jkpouRf; fl;rpAk; ,yq;ifapy; jil nra;ag;gl;lJld; gz;lhuehaf;fhTk; gpf;F xUtuhy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;.

,e;j tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtk; ek; Kd;Nd xU ghlkhf epw;fpd;wJ. jkpou; jug;ghd ehq;fs; murpaypy; kpfg;ngUk; rf;jpahf ,Uf;Fk; NghNj Ml;rpahsu;fshy; rpWghd;ikapdUf;F Njitahd kpf Fiwe;j mjpfhuq;fis toq;Ftjw;Fk; ngUk;ghd;ik r%fk; jtwpapUf;fpwJ.

,d;W gy gpupTfshf gpupe;J nraw;gLfpd;w K];yPk; murpay; thjpfspy; xU jug;ghu;  rY}iffSf;fhf muRld; xl;bf; nfhz;Lk;> kW jug;G vjpu;ig njuptpg;gij kl;Lk; Nehf;fhf nfhz;L Ntz;lh ,lj;jpy; $l;Lj; Nru;e;J nraw;gLtjhdJ K];yPk; r%fj;jpd; kj;jpapy; mtu;fs; kPjhd ek;gpf;ifia ,of;fr; nra;Ak;. 

Rakhf nraw;gLtJ tuNtw;fj;jf;fJ vd;gjw;fhf jhq;fs; tpUk;gpaij vy;yhk; K];yPk; murpay; jiyikj;Jtq;fs; nra;a Kw;gLtjhdJ mtu;fspd; jhd;njhd;wpj; jdj;ijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ.  ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfs; njhlUk; ,lj;J tl-fpof;F K];yPk;fs; mtu;fis J}f;fp vwpe;J tpl;L xU rpwe;j  jiyikia mikj;Jf; nfhs;tu; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

,tu;fs; tpLfpd;w jtWfis K];yPk; r%fj;ij rhu;e;jtu;fs; Rl;bf; fhl;lhky; Mjutspf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gjw;fhf mtu;fs; jiytupd; midj;J nraw;ghLfisAk; mq;fpfupf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJ mu;j;jky;y. mtu;fs; jq;fs; fl;rpia ghJfhf;f epidg;gjhy; jq;fs; jiyikf;F jtWfis jpUj;jpf; nfhs;s re;ju;g;gk; mspf;fpd;wdu;.

Gypfs; mikg;G K];yPk;fis JNuhfpfshf kl;LNk epidj;J  ,Jtiu fhyKk; nraw;gl;L tUk; xU mikg;ghFk;. ,tu;fs; K];yPk;fSf;F tpistpj;j Jd;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J K];yPk; r%fk; kPs gy tUlq;fs; Ntz;Lk;. xU jiyKiwNa mlf;F Kiwf;Fk; gLnfhiyfSf;Fk; Mshfp cs;sJ. jpdKk; gy tpjitfis ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; Gypfs;  cUthf;fpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. mj;jifa ghrp] GypfSf;F nfhb gpbf;Fk; rpy murpay; rf;jpfSld; jw;Nghija K];yPk; jiyikj;Jtk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; $l;LwthdJ K];yPk; r%fj;ij Kfk; Ropf;f itj;Js;sJ.

,e; epiy njhlu;e;jhy; me;j r%fj;jpd; KbTfs; ,e;j jug;G rhu;ghf NtWtpjkhf mikaf;$ba rhj;jpaf;$WfNs ngwpJk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jw;NghJs;s K];yPk; r%f mikg;gpy; tl-fpof;F K];yPk;fNs murpay; uPjpahf kpfg; gyk; nghUe;jpa rf;jpahf K];yPk; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu; vd;gJld; jq;fs; jiyikg; gplj;ijAk; mtu;fs; cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpf;fpd;wdu; vd;gijAk; Qhgfg; gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

1960k; Mz;L gz;lhuehaf;fh  kiwtpd; gpd; ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jypy; rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp jpUkjp.rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f jiyikapy; Ml;rp mikf;f jkpouRf;fl;rp MjuT toq;fpaJ. ,t;thjuT toq;Ftjw;fhf Rje;jpuf;fl;rp-nry;th xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jhdJ. mt; Xg;ge;jj;jpy; gz;lh-nry;th xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mk;rq;fSld; ,e;jpaj; jkpou; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd tpNrl ,izg;Gk; (,e;jpaj; jkpoUf;F gpu[h cupik mq;fpfupf;fg;gLk; tiu mtu;fSf;fhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk;)cs;slf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ. ,t; xg;ge;jj;ij mKy; gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf jdJ jiyikapy; Ngr;Rthu;ij elj;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghNj Kd;dwptpj;jy; ,d;wp ghuhskd;wj;jpy; jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lg; gpNuuidia Kd;itj;jhu; mk;ikahu;. ,jd; %yk; jkpo; NgRk; jug;G kPz;Lk; xU Kiw Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpaJ.

mJ kl;Lky;yhJ 1961k; Mz;L [dtup Kjyhk; ehs; njhlf;fk; jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lk; tlf;F fpof;fpy; mKy; gLj;jg;gl;lJ mg;nghOJ vOe;j vjpu;Gf; Fuy;fs; ,uhZtj;ijf; nfhz;L mlf;fg;gl;lJ kl;Lkpd;wp rpwpkh rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; 1964k; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; ifr;rhj;jplg; gl;ljd; %yk; ,e;jpa jkpou;fs; gyte;jkhf ehL flj;jg;gl;ldu;.

,j; jUzj;jpy; murhq;fk; Vupf;fiu gj;jpupif kNrhjhit thf;nfLg;Gf;F ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; tpl;lNghJ mij vjpu;j;J jkpouRf; fl;rp thf;fspj;jjdhy; rpwpkh jiyikapyhd muR ftpo;e;jJ.

,t;tsT gyk; ngUe;jpa murpay; rf;fpahf ,yq;if murpay; nraw;gl;l jkpo; NgRk; jug;gpdu; ngUd;ghd;ik Ml;rpahsu;fshy; Vkhw;wg;gl;ldu; vd;gNj tuyhW.

,q;F ,d;DnkhU cz;ikiaAk; ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; ,yq;ifapy; jkpo; NgRk; jug;ghuhapDk; jw;Nghija tpLjiyg; GypfshapDk; vtUNk ,Jtiu rl;luPjpahf ngUk;ghd;ik muRfSld; nra;aJ nfhz;l xg;ge;jq;fspy; jkpou; jdpehL gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;lNjh mjw;fhd Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;itj;j;Njh fpilahJ Gypfs; cw;gl miztUk; xd;wpide;j ,yq;ifFs; jPu;T gw;wpj;jhd; ,Jtiu fijj;J te;Js;sdu;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jdpehl;Lf;  Nfhupf;if vd;gij kf;fis Vkhw;Wtjw;F kl;LNk gaz;gLj;jpAs;sdu; vd;gijNa ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;NghJ GydhfpwJ

1965k; Mz;L rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp Ml;rp fiyf;fg;gl;L xU Nju;jYf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; eilngw;wNghJ mg;Nghija If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpj; jiytu; ll;yp Nrdhehaf;fTld; je;ij nry;th xU ,ufrpa xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;lhu; ,JNt tuyhw;wpy; ll;yp-nry;th xg;ge;jk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ ,J gfpuq;f xg;gjkhf 1965k; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; 24k; jpfjp ifrhj;jplg;gl;lJ. khfhz rigfs; mikg;gJvd;w mk;rj;ij jtpu;j;J kw;iwa mk;rq;fs; gioa xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;jtw;iw GJg;gpg;gjhfNt mike;jpUe;jd. ,e;j khfhz rigAk; gpurNjr rigfSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd khw;wPlhd jpl;lkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lj;ijAk; mur mikr;ru;fs;> rpq;fs gpf;Fkhu; cw;gl mjpfkhd ngUk;ghd;ik jug;gpdu; vjpu;g;G njuptpj;jjhy; 1968k; Mz;L iftplg;gLtjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Njhy;tpAld; jkpo; NgRk; kf;fSk; jq;fSf;fhd murpay; jPu;it ngUk;ghd;ikj; jug;gplk; ,Ue;J rhj;tPf murpay; Nghuhl;lk; uPjpahf ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; ,Ue;j Mu;tj;ij ,of;fj; njhlq;fpdu;. kf;fSk; murpay; uPjpahd jPu;tpy; ek;gpf;if ,of;f ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Njhy;tp top mikj;jJ vd;gJ jpz;zk;.

1970k; Mz;L Ml;rpgplj;jpNyupa rpwpkh jiyikapyhd muR 1972k; Mz;L murpay; mikg;G rPu;jpUj;jjpd; %yk; ,yq;ifia ngsj;j rpq;fs ehlhf mq;fpfupj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; ,yq;ifapy; jw;NghJ Xl;lg; gLfpd;w ,uj;j Mw;Wf;Fk; xU ghij mikj;J Mrpu;thjk; toq;fpaJ.

 ,f;fhy fl;lj;Jld; ,yq;ifapy; murpay; uPjpahd cupikg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;L ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; vOe;j vOr;rp jkpou;fSf;fhd MAj Nghuhl;lkhf khw;wj;ij Nehf;fpa ghijapy; gazpj;jJ. ,f; fhy fl;lj;jpYk; jkpo; ,isQu; mikg;Gf;fspy; K];yPk; ,isQu;fSk; kw;Wk; rfy $l thO r%fj;jpdUk; jkpou;fSf;F ve;j tpj;j;jpYk; Fiwahj msT gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jdu;. jq;fshy; Kbe;j midj;ijAk; jq;fs; tpLjiyf;fhd ghijapy; jkpou;fSld; ,ize;J gazpj;jdu;.

njhlUk;..

fpof;fhd; Mjk;. (rpj;jpiu 09> 2009)