,k; Nkjpdj;jpyhtJ kiyafj; jpahfpfis epidT $UNthk;!

Nf.gp.gp. G\;guh[h

,e;ehl;bd; tuyhw;wpy; 1866 Mk; Mz;L khngUk; khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;fpdhu; N[k;]; nla;yu; vd;w Mq;fpNyau; fz;b khtl;lj;jpy; N`thn`l;l Y}y; fe;Ju Njhl;lj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhf jdJ fhzpapd; gj;J Vf;fupy; Njapiy gapu;r; nra;ifia Muk;gpj;jhu;.

,g; gapu;r; nra;ifia guPl;rhu;j;jkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,e;jpahtpd; mrhkpypUe;J Njapiy tpijfis jUtpj;J gapupl;lhu;. ,jpy; ngupa ntw;wpiaAk; fz;L ngupaNjhu; khw;wj;ijAk; nfhz;L te;jhu;. N[k;]; nla;yupd; Y}y; fe;Ju gq;fshtpNyNa rpwpa njhopw;rhiyiaAk; cUthf;fpdhu;. ,e;jj; njhopw;rhiyapy; jdJ fhzpapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Njapiyf; nfhOe;ij cyu;j;jp J}shf;fp yz;lDf;F mDg;gpdhu;. ,tupd; Njapiyj; J}Sf;F yz;ld; khefu tu;j;jf ikaj;jpy; ngUk; tuNtw;G fpilj;jJ.

rpNyhd; Njapiyf;F ngUk; tuNtw;Gk;> MjhaKk; fpilg;gij gyu; njupe;J nfhz;ldu;. ,jd; fhuzkhf gpupj;jhdpau;> ];nfhl;brhu;> Iup];fhuu;fs;> nty;\;fhuu;fs; cl;gl ngUe; njhifahd INuhg;gpau;fs; ,yq;iff;F tuj; njhlq;fpdu;.

,t;thW te;j ,tu;fs; md;iwa fz;b> Etnuypah gpNjrq;fis ghu;itapl;ldu;. ngUq;fhLfisAk;> fw;ghiwfisAk; nfhz;l ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; fhzpapy; xU Vf;fu; xU gTZf;F nts;isf;fhuu;fspd; Ml;rp toq;fpaJ. ,e;j tpiyf;F xt;nthU ntspehl;L nts;isf;fhu fk;ngdpfSk; gy Vf;fu;fis tpiyf;F thq;fpd. fkk;ngdpfhuu;fSld;> Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L jdpahUk; fhzpfis nfhs;Kjy; nra;tjpy; ngUk; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;.

nts;isf;fhuu;fs; fhL epiwe;j fhzpfis nrg;gdpl Kjd; Kjypy; rpq;fsj; njhopyhsu;fis gad;gLj;jpdu;. ngUk; fhLfspy; ml;ilfs;> tp\G+r;rpfs;> ghk;Gfs;> kpUfq;fs;> njhy;iyfshYk; fLq;FspupdhYk; ngupjhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,tu;fs; nts;isf;fhuu;fsplk; $ypfshf Ntiy nra;a kWj;jdu;. mtu;fSld; Kuz;gl;ldu;. Kf;fpakhf rpq;fstu;fSf;F Mq;fpyKk;> Mq;fpNyau;fSf;F rpq;fsKk; njupahjikapdhy; nkhopg;gpur;rpidAk; Vw;gl;lJ.

Vw;fdNt njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J ,q;F te;J Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lq;fspy; njhopyhsu;fshf ,Ue;J te;j gyu; Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy; ,ize;jdu;. mg;NghJ Nfhg;gp kuq;fspy; Neha; gutNt Nfhg;gpj; njhopypy; ke;jepiy epytpaJ.

,yq;ifapd; NjrhjpgjpahftpUe;j Nru; n`u;f;FA+ny]; N[hu;[; Nwhgu;l; nuhgpd;r (1865- 1873) dpd; cjtpNahL njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J njhopyhsu;fis tutiof;f nts;isf;fhu Jiukhu;fs; jpl;lk; jPl;bdu;. ,tu;fspd; Kaw;rpf;F vw;fdNt ,q;F njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J tUif je;NjhUk; cle;ijahfpdu;. Jiukhu;fspd; jpl;lj;Jf;F Njrhjpgjp Nwhgu;l; nuhgpd;rd; ngupJk; cjtpdhu;.

kpfTk; je;jputop tiffis ifahz;L jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J jpUr;rp> kJiu> ,uhkehjGuk;> jpUney;Ntyp> kJiu Mfpa khtl;lq;fspypUe;J jkpo; kf;fis ghk;gd; jD\;NfhbapD}Nl fly; khu;f;fkhf ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjp jiykd;dhUf;F mioj;J te;J kiyafj;jpy; FbNaw;wk; nra;jdu;.

,tu;fs; fLikahf cioj;jdu;. fhl;by; nfhba kpUfq;fSld; Nghuhb ml;ilf; fbf;Fk;> nfhRf;fbf;Fk; gak; nfhs;shJ fhLfis mopj;J nrg;gdpl;lhu;fs; vkJ Kjhijau;fs;. nts;isf;fhuu;fshy; vkJ %jhijau;fs; ,e;ehl;Lf;F tutiof;fg;gl;bUf;fhtpl;lhy; ,d;W kiyafk; vdg;gLk; gpuNjrk; fhlhfTk; fw;fshYNk %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vkJ %jhijau;fNs fhl;ilAk;> fw;fisAk; ntl;b xJf;fp tPjpfisAk;> ghijfisAk; mikj;J ghiw epyj;jpy; Njapiyr; nrbfis ehl;b> Njapiyr; nrbfshy; kiyfis %b moF ghu;j;jdu;.

180 tUl tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l ,k; kf;fspd; Jauq;fs;> mtyq;fs;> ,d;Wk; jPu;e;jjhf ,y;iy. ,k; kf;fis kiyafj;J murpay; njhopw; rq;fq;fs; ,d;Wk; nts;isf;fhu Jiukhu;fis tpl Nkhrkhf Vkhw;wp tUfpwJ. ,d;W kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhspfspd; top elj;Jgtu;fshf mWgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l njhopw;rq;fq;fs; njhopy; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sd.

1939 Kjy; 1979 tiu 36 kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; njhopw; rq;f Nghuhl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;L capiuj; jpahfk; nra;Js;sdu;. ,tu;fspd; tuyhW vj;jid kiyafj; jiytu;fSf;Fj; njupAk;. 1990Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; kiyafj;jiytu;fis ehlhSkd;w> khfhzrig> efurig> gpuNjr rigfs; kPJ Mir <u;j;Jtpl;lJ. mjdhy; fpilf;Fk; tug;gpurhjq;fis mDgtpf;Fk; Nehf;fkhf cs;sdNu jtpu jq;fis tsu;j;Jtpl;l kf;fs; kPJ vt;tpj mf;fiwAk; nrYj;Jtjpy;iy.

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; kiyafj; jiytu;fs; mk; kf;fshNyNa Xuq;fl;lg;gLtu; vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. mz;ikapy; ,lk;ngw;w khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; KbTfs; ,jidNa vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd.

,d;W kiyaf murpay; njhopw; rq;fq;fspd; nraw;ghL mk; kf;fspd; vOr;rpf;F ce;J rf;jpahf mika Ntz;Lk;. me;j epiyik ,d;W kiyaf murpay; njhopw; rq;f nraw;ghLfspy; ,y;iy. ,J njhlUkhdhy; vjpu;tUk; nghJj; Nju;jy; gyUf;F mjpu;r;rpj; Njhy;tpiaj; juf; $bajhf mikayhk;. murpay; mlf;FKiwfs;> njhopw;rq;f jiytu;fspd; nfLgpbfs;> me;epag;gLj;jy;> vdg; gy mlf;F Kiwfs; ,d;Wk; ,tu;fs; kPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Mz;LNjhWk; Nk Kjyhk; jpfjp Nkjpdk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ,J tiu fhyKk; kiyafj;jpy; gy Nghuhl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;L capu; ePj;j 36 jpahfpfSf;F vt;tpj kupahijiaAk; Nkjpdj;jpy; toq;fhik kpfTk; ftiyf;Fupa tplakhFk;. Nk jpdj;jd;W khngUk; Cu;tyKk;> ntWkNd Nfh\Kk;> jPu;khdq;fSk; epiwNtw;wg;gLtjhy; vt;tpj gaDk; kf;fis nrd;wilag; Nghtjpy;iy.

kiyaf kf;fspd; cupikf;fhfg; Nghuhba 36 jpahfpfsJk; tho;f;if tuyhW E}y; tbtk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa ,isQu;fSf;F mJ Kf;fpakhFk;. Nk jpdj;jd;W 36 jpahfpfSk; epidT $ug;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fSf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nfhtpe;jd; Ky;Nyhah Njhl;lk;> N`thn`l;l> 1939> NtyhAjk; fe;jsh Njhl;lk;> Gg;Gu];]> 1942 NtYrhkp fe;jdh Njhl;lk;> Gg;Gu];]> 19 nts;isad; kPupahf;nfhl Njhl;lk;> rhkpkiy. 1950> vl;ypd; Nehdh> vd;fyty Njhl;lk;> njGthd. 1953> Mjpag;gd;> ky;nfhy Njhl;lk;> ehtyg;gpl;ba. 1953> Ntjd; ypd;ly; Njhl;lk;> Nenghl. 1957> itj;jpypq;fk;> nltd; gdpa gj;jid> jythf;fiy. 1957> eNlrd; ntNwau; Njhl;lk;> ,uj;jpdGup. 1957> Vg;u`hk; rpq;Nfh> uTd;gq;fshj; Njhl;lk;> mf;fug;gj;jid. 1958> IahT> nghfte;jyht Njhl;lk;> nghfte;jyhit. 1958> gpuhd;rp]; nghfte;jyhit Njhl;lk;> nghfte;jyhit. 1958> nfhk;ghz;b> nrd; khf;ul; Njhl;lk;> clGry;yht. 1958> nghd;idah nrd; khf;ul; Njhl;lk;> clGry;yht. 1958> fUkiy> ey;yjz;zPu; Njhl;lk;> k];nfypah. 1959> Kj;Jrhkp> fhyfhu> khnjd;d Njhl;lk;> vy;fLt. 1959> N[k;]; rpy;th> fkhtis Njhl;lk;> griw. 1959> jq;fNty;> KfyhNrid Njhl;lk;> ,wf;Fthid. 1959> rpjk;guk;> ky;thd Njhl;lk;> epl;lk;Gt. 1960> Kdpahz;b> ntj;jpiyA+u; Njhl;lk;> vl;bahe;Njhl;l. 1960> nry;iyah> nyl;Rkpj; Njhl;lk;> ehtyg;gpl;b. 1961> Muhap> nyl;Rkpj; Njhl;lk;> ehtyg;gpl;b. 1961> khupag;gd;> nyl;Rkpj; Njhl;lk;> ehtyg;gpl;b. 1961> eNlrd;> nyl;Rkpj; Njhl;lk;> ehtyg;gpl;b. 1961> tp[aNrd> vy;tJiu Njhl;lk;> ,q;fpupah 1961> Nrhiy> rpd;d fpyhNghf;F Njhl;lk;> kLy;fy. 1961> mofd;> fe;jEtu Njhl;lk;> vy;fLt. 1969> nuq;frhkp fe;jEut Njhl;lk;> vy;fLt. 1969> ,uhikah> rPdhf;fs Njhl;lk;> gJis. 1970> mofu; rhkp rPdhf;fy Njhl;lk;> gJis. 1970> fe;ijah ehye;j Njhl;lk;> khj;jis. 1970> ghu;tjp ehye;j Njhl;lk;> khj;jis. 1970> MWKfd; ehye;j Njhl;lk;> khj;jis. 1970> ,uhkrhkp> ehye;j Njhl;lk;> khj;jis. 1970> nyl;Rkzd; rptD nahf;];Nghu;l; Njhl;lk; tl;lnfhl. 1977. godpNty;> gy;Nyfyj; Njhl;lk;> fz;b. 1979.

14-05-2005 ,y; jpahfp rptD nyl;Rkzpd; epidT jpdj;ijnahl;b jythf;fiy Nky; nfhj;kiyj; jpl;lj;ij iftpLkhW Nfhup gy Nghuhl;lq;fs; eilngw;wd. Nghuhl;lj;ij jiyikjhq;fp elj;jpatu; ,Wjpapy; mNj kpd;rhu mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpy; cau; gjtpNaw;W thfdKk; ngw;W Rf Nghfq;fis mDgtpj;J tUfpd;whu;.

Nf.gp.gp. G\;guh[h