[dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;f jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;Gf;F tpUg;gk;!: Mdhy; 1970 Nju;jy; Kbit vz;zp fyf;fk;!!

- tp.rpd;dj;jk;gp (aho;g;ghzk;)

vjpu;tUk; [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapLk; Kd;dhs; ,uhZtj;jsgjp ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupg;gJ vd> If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp KbT nra;jijj; njhlu;e;J> mf;fl;rpf;Fs; cs;s Kf;fpa];ju;fs; rpyu; mjw;F vjpGg;j; njuptpj;J> fl;rpapypUe;J tpyfpAs;sJld;> jw;Nghija [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;rtpd; ntw;wpf;F ciof;fg;NghtjhfTk; mwptpj;Js;sdu;.

,NjNghy> ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;fg;Nghtjhf KbT nra;Js;s kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpf;Fs;Sk; (N[.tp.gp) gpsT Njhd;wpAs;sJ. jk;ik khu;f;rpathjpfs; vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;Sk; N[.tp.gp.> vt;thW xU ,dthjpAk;> Nghu;ntwpaDkhd ruj; nghd;Nrfhit> mJTk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fspd; nghJ tpNuhjpahd If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpAld; ,ize;J Mjupf;f KbAk; vd> N[.tp.gpapd; rpy cau;kl;l jiytu;fSk;> ngUk;ghyhd fPo;kl;l cWg;gpdu;fSk; Ml;Nrgid fpsg;gp tUfpd;wdu;.

,NjNghd;wnjhU epiyik> ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupg;gJ vd KbT nra;Js;s rpwPyq;fh K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpf;Fs;Sk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf fpof;F khfhzj;jpYs;s K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; cWg;gpdu;fs;> fl;rpj;jiyikapd; KbTf;F vjpu;g;G njuptpj;J tUfpd;wdu;. K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; ];jhgfj; jiytu; ku;`_k; m\;ug; mtu;fs; Kd;nghUKiw $wpa> ‘jhd; capNuhL ,Uf;Fk;tiu> If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpAld; xUNghJk; cwT itf;fkhl;Nld;’ vd;w $w;iw mtuJ Mjuthsu;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdu;. ruj; nghd;Nrfh xU nghJNtl;ghsu; jhd; vd> fl;rpj; jiytu; uT+g; `f;fPk;> fl;rp Mjuthsu;fSf;F rhf;Fg;Nghf;F nrhd;dhYk;> mtiu If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpjhd; fskpwf;fpAs;sJ vd;gij mt;thjuthsu;fs; ed;F mwpe;Nj itj;Js;sdu;.

ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;Fk; kw;iwa ,UtUs; xUtuhd ‘tha;r;rtlhy; tPuu;’  kNdhfNzrd; vg;nghOJNk If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpapd; ahid rpd;dj;jpy; Nghl;bapl;lhNy ntw;wpngWk; xUtu;. vdNt mtuJ fl;rpiaNah> fUj;ijNah If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpapypUe;J gpupj;Jg;ghu;f;f KbahJ. kw;nwhUtuhd kq;fs rkutPu> ngau; gyif fl;rpnahd;iw itj;jpUe;jhYk;> mtu; If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpapd; Clfg; Ngr;rhsuhfNt ngUk;ghYk; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;whu;. mtu; gupjhgfukhf jdJ murpay; vjpu;fhyj;ijj; njhiyj;jtu; vd;gNj> mtu; kPJ mDjhgk; cs;stu;fspd; nghJthd fUj;jhFk;.

Vida rpWghd;ik ,df;fl;rpfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> <.gp.b.gp.> Gnshl;> <.gp.Mu;.vy;.vg (ehgh mzp);> jkpo;kf;fs; tpLjiyg;Gypfs;> Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp (Ngupay; m\;ug;)> Njrpa K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; (mjhTy;yh)> mfpy ,yq;if K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; (uprhj; gjpAjPd;)> ,yq;if njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];> kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp vd;gd cl;gl ,d;Dk; rpy rpWghd;ik ,df;fl;rpfs; jw;Nghija [dhjpgjp kfe;j uh[gf;ritNa [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; Mjupf;fg;Nghtjhf mwptpj;Jtpl;ld.

,yq;if murpaypy; ePz;lfhy mDgtk;tha;e;j jpU tP.Mde;jrq;fup mtu;fs; [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; jdJ epiyg;ghL rk;ge;jkhf ,Jtiu gfpuq;f mwpf;if vJTk; tpltpy;iy. mtu; vt;tpj KbTk; vLf;f Kbahky; jLkhwp epw;gJNghyNt njupatUfpd;wJ.  ,Jtiuapy; gfpuq;f mwptpg;G vJTk; tplhtpbDk;> Mde;jrq;fup kfpe;j uh[gf;rit jhd; Mjupf;fNt tpUk;Gfpd;whu;. Mdhy; jhd; mt;thW nra;jhy;> jd;id ‘jkpo; kf;fspd; JNuhfp’ vd jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;gpdu; vd Kj;jpiu Fj;jptpLthu;fs; vd;gjhy; jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;whu;. mjdhy; jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;gpdu; vd;d KbT vLf;fg;Nghfpwhu;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;j;J Mde;jrq;fup nghWj;jpUg;gjhf> mtUld; neUq;fpa njhlu;Gilatu;fs; rpyu; $Wfpd;wdu;.

,itnay;yhk; xUGwkpUf;f> Kf;fpakhd jkpo; fl;rpahd> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G [dhjpgjp Nju;jy; rk;ge;jkhf vd;d epiyg;ghL vLf;fg;Nghfpd;wJ vd;gijNa gyUk; MtYld; vjpu;ghu;j;J fhj;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. Vnddpy; mf;$l;likg;G Gypfspd; xU gpdhkp mikg;ghf GypfshNyNa cUthf;fg;gl;L> Gypfs; Vw;ghL nra;j fs;s thf;Ffshy; ghuhSkd;wk; nrd;w xU fl;rpahFk;. ,g;nghOJ Gypfs; cs;ehl;by; Kw;WKOjhf mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;l epiyapy;> ‘mtpo;j;Jtpl;l ney;ypf;fha;’ %il Nghy mf;fl;rp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjd; rpy ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; ntspg;gilahfNt [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;rhTld; njhlu;Gnfhz;L nray;gl;L tUfpd;wdu;. [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; mtu;fsJ MjuT ngUk;ghYk; uh[gf;rTf;Nf vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ.

jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspy; ,d;ndhUrhuhu; ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. mtu;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdtu;> Kd;du; <.gp.Mu;.vy;.vg; mikg;gpy; ,Ue;jtUk;> me;j ,af;fj;jpd; jiytu; gj;kehghitAk>; Vida Kf;fpa];ju;fisAk; Gypfs; gLnfhiy nra;j gpd;du;> Gypfspd; gf;fk; rha;e;jJld;> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;Gf;Fs; nghl;lk;khdpd; ek;gpf;iff;Fupa ifahshf nraw;gl;ltUkhd RNu\; gpNukr;re;jpud; MFk;. ,tu;fs; jtpu Gypfshy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;l (Fjpiu) fN[e;jpud;> gj;kpdp rpjk;guehjd;> n[ahde;j%u;j;jp> mupaNee;jpud; MfpNahUk;> Nf.rpth[pypq;fk;> fN[e;jpuFkhu; nghd;dk;gyk; Nghd;NwhUk; ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;fNt tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. Mu;.rk;ge;jd;> khit Nrdhjpuh[h Nghd;Nwhiu nghWj;jtiuapYk; $l> mtu;fSf;Fk; ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;fNt tpUg;gk; vd;w NghjpYk;> jPtpu ,dthjpAk;> Nghu;ntwpaDkhd (gpughfuidAk; Vida Gypj;jiytu;fisAk; jhNd xopj;Jf;fl;bajhf ngUik NgRk;) ruj; nghd;Nrfhit vg;gb Mjupg;gJ? Mjupj;Jtpl;L mLj;j ghuhSkd;w Nju;jypy; vt;thW jkpo; kf;fs; Kd; nrd;W thf;F Nfl;gJ vd;W jLkhwp epw;fpd;wdu;.

mJTky;yhky;> ntspehLfspy; fle;j gy tUlq;fshf jq;fpapUe;J> GypfSf;fhf jPtpu gpur;rhuk; Nkw;nfhz;L te;j rpy jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs;> Gypfs; xopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;l epiyapy;> ehl;Lf;F jpUk;gptu gae;Jk;> ntspehLfspy; njhlu;e;J jq;f KbahkYk; jtpj;J epd;wdu;. ,e;epiyapy;> gpupj;jhdpahtpYs;s rpy jkpo; gpuKfu;fspd; Kaw;rpahy;> mq;Fs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpy; gzpGupAk; xU Kf;fpa mjpfhupapd; Vw;ghl;bNyNa ehL jpUk;gpajhf $wg;gLfpwJ. vdNt mtu;fs; jkJ Mirg;gb nraw;gl Kbahj mghf;fpathjpfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

,k;Kiw [dhjpgjp Nju;jiyg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;dntdpy;> xUgf;fk; Gypfs; mopf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,j;Nju;jy; eilngWfpd;wJ. kWgf;fj;jpy; vjpu;f;fl;rpfspd; rhu;gpy;> [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy;> ,dthjpAk;> Nghu;ntwpaDkhd ruj; nghd;Nrfh Nghl;bapLtjhy;> ngUk;ghyhd jkpo; NgRk; kf;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mtu;fs; kfpe;j uh[gf;rTf;F thf;fspf;Fk; xNu njupNt cs;sJ. ,jdhy; ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;Fk; If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpAk;> ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupf;f fhj;jpUf;Fk; jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;Gk; Fok;gpg;NghAs;sdu;. ,e;j epiyikia vg;gb khw;wpaikj;J> jkpo;NgRk; kf;fs; kfpe;j uh[gf;rTf;F thf;fspf;fhky; jLg;gJ vd If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rpAk; jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;gpd; Kf;fpa];ju;fs; rpyUk; nfhOk;gpy; $b Muha;e;Js;sjhfj; njupatUfpd;wJ. mjd; mbg;gilapy; jkpo; kf;fspd; thf;Ffis jpirjpUg;Gk; tifapy;> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;gpd; jiytu; Mu;.rk;ge;jid> [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; xU Ntl;ghsuhf fskpwf;FtJ rk;ge;jkhf> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;Gf;F If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp MNyhrid toq;fpAs;sjhf $wg;gLfpwJ.

vd;d Rj;Jkhj;J Kbit jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G jiyik vLj;jhYk;> mjd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; %d;wpnyhU gq;fpdu;> kfpe;j uh[gf;rit Mjupg;gJ epr;rak; vd njupa tUfpwJ. ,itnay;yhtw;iwAk; Xuk;fl;b itj;Jtpl;L> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G jkpo; kf;fspd; guk tpNuhjpahd ruj; nghd;Nrfhit [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; Mjupf;f Kw;gl;lhy;> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G gpsTgLtJld;> mjd; murpay; vjpu;fhyKk; Nfs;tpf;FwpahfptpLk;. ,Jrk;ge;jkhd Kd; mDgtk; xd;iwAk; rpy %j;j jkpo; murpay;thjpfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdu;.

mjhtJ 1965k; Mz;by; eilngw;w ghuhSkd;w nghJj;Nju;jy; Kbtpy; gpujhd fl;rpfs; (If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp> rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp) ,uz;LNk jdpahf murhq;fk; mikf;Fk; msTf;F mWjpg;ngUk;ghd;ik ngwj; jtwptpl;ld. If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp kpfNkhrkhd rpq;fs ,dthjpfshd Nf.vk;.gp.uh[uj;d> Mu;.[P.Nrdehaf;f Nghd;wtu;fspd; Ie;J fl;rpfisr; Nru;j;J murhq;fk; mikf;f Kd;te;jJ. mNjNtis jkpouR> jkpo;fhq;fpu]; fl;rpfs; MjuT mspj;jhy; kl;LNk rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rpahy; murhq;fk; mikf;f KbAk; vd;w epiy ,Ue;jJ. vdNt ,e;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f mk;ikahu;> ,U jkpo; fl;rpfspdJk; jiytu;fis jkf;F MjuT toq;Fk;gb Nfl;lhu;. ,e;j re;ju;g;gk; jkpo; kf;fspd; ePzlfhy gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g;gjw;F jkpo; fl;rpfSf;F xU tha;g;ghf mike;jJ. mjhtJ jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhd rpy epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy; rpwpkhNthTf;F MjuT mspj;J> xU tUlk; mtfhrk; nfhLj;Jg; ghu;j;J> mtu; mij epiwNtw;whky; tpl;lhy;> Mjuit thg]; thq;fp mtuJ Ml;rpia ftpo;j;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,U jkpo; fl;rpfspdJk; jiytu;fs; nra;jJ vd;d? jkJ gpw;Nghf;F murpay; - tu;f;f xw;WikahYk;> Raey Nehf;fq;fshYk; ce;jg;gl;L If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp murpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ldu;. If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp Ml;rpapd; mg;Nghija gpujku; gpujku; ll;yp Nrdehaf;f> khtl;l rigfs; toq;fyhk; vd jkpouR fl;rpia ehyiu Mz;Lfs; Vkhw;wptpl;L> murpypUe;J cijj;Jj; js;sptpl;lhu;.

jkpouR – fhq;fpu]; fl;rpfs; jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,ioj;j ,e;jj; JNuhfj;Jf;F gjpybahf> mf;fl;rpfSf;F mLj;j Nju;jypy; jkpo;kf;fs; ghlk; Gfl;lj; jtwtpy;iy. mLj;J 1970y; ele;j nghJj;Nju;jypy; jkpouR – fhq;fpu]; Kf;fpa jiytu;fshd [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyk;> m.mkpu;jypq;fk;> K.rptrpjk;guk;> <.vk;.tp.ehfehjd;> K.MyhyRe;juk; MfpNahiu kf;fs; Nju;jypy; Njhw;fbj;J ey;y ghlk; Gfl;bdu;. mJkhj;jpukpd;wp> Nju;jypy; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f jiyikapyhd kf;fs; $l;lzp %d;wpypuz;L ngUk;ghd;ik ngw;W> mNkhf ntw;wpAk; <l;baJ. ,e;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy; jhd; 1970 Mz;L Nju;jy; KbTfs; ntspahdJk;> jhk; nra;j Kl;lhs;jdj;ij vz;zp> ‘flTs;jhd; jkpo; kf;fis fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;’ vd jkpouRf;fl;rp jiytu; v];.N[.tp.nry;tehafk;> flTspd; Nky; gopiag;Nghl;L jg;gpj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. (gpd;du; 1976y; jkpo; kf;fSf;F ‘jdpj;jkpoPok; jhd; jPu;T’ vd ,d;ndhU Kl;lhs;jdkhd Kbit> tl;Lf;Nfhl;ilapy; khehL $l;b vLj;J> jkpo; kf;fSf;F Nguopit nfhz;Lte;jJ ,d;ndhU tuyhW).

,j;jifa R+o;epiyapy;> [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; ruj; nghd;Nrfhit Mjupj;J> kPz;Lk; xU tuyhw;W jtiw ,ioj;J> mLj;j nghJj;Nju;jypy; 1970y; ngw;wJ Nghd;w gLNjhy;tpiag; ngWtijtpl> Gj;jprhJupahfTk;> J}ujpU\;bAlDk; Kbit Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G Mjuthsu;fs; gyupd; tpUg;gkhFk;. mg;gbg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;gpd; Kd;dhy; ,uz;L njupTfNs cs;sd. xd;W ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F XusthtJ epahakhd jPu;itf;fhzf;$ba kfpe;j uh[gf;rit [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; Mjupg;gJ my;yJ jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ tpUg;gg;gb thf;fspf;Fk;gb mwptpj;Jtpl;L> [dhjpgjp Nju;jy; tptfhuq;fspypUe;Jk;> jkpou; murpaypy; ,Ue;Jk; xJq;fpf; nfhs;tJ.

,jpy; VjhtJ xU Kbit> jkpo; Njrpaf;$l;likg;G tpiutpy; vLj;Njahf Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpy; cs;sJ.

(tp. rpd;dj;jk;gp) (khu;fop 03> 2009)