ghuhSkd;w Nju;jypy;

kiyaf gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vg;gb?

‘ey;yNjhu; tPiz nra;Nj mij eyq;nfl GOjpapy; vwptJz;Nlh’ vd;w ghujpapd; tupfs; jhd; kiyaf murpay; njhopw;rq;f epiyg;ghLfis epidf;Fk; NghJ Qhgfj;jpw;F tUfpwJ. Nghuhb ngw;Wf; nfhz;l thf;Fupikia $WNghl;L gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;w gupjhg epiyiaAk;> ,Uf;Fk; gpujpepjpj;Jtq;fisAk; ,oe;J tpLfpd;w epiyia vz;Zk; NghJ ,e;j ruptpypUe;J tpLgLtjw;F cldbahd khw;W eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba jd; mtrpaj;ij czu;j;JfpwJ.

E}w;whz;L fhykhf ciog;ig kl;LNk xg;Gtpj;j kiyaf njhopyhsu; r%fk; ,yq;if gpupj;jhdpauplkpUe;J ngw;w cupik jkf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ,Ue;jdu;. Mdhy; 1948 Mk; Mz;bd; gpu[hTupikr; rl;lKk; 1949Mk; Mz;by; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Nju;jy; rl;lKk; ,tu;fSf;F gpu[hTupikAk;> thf;Fupik kWg;igANk je;j tuyhw;iw vk;khy; kwe;Jtpl KbahJ.

mz;ikf;fhy ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapdu; vd;w Kj;jpiuf; Fj;jNyhL ehlw;wtu;fshf ,Ue;j kiyafj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l xw;Wikapd; ntspg;ghL> cupikg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; cj;Ntfk;> njhopw;rq;fj;jpd; vOr;rpg;Nghuhl;lk;> Nghuhl;lr; rpe;jidfs; midj;Jk; kiyafj;jpy; thf;Fupik fpilj;j gpd;du; ,e;j r%fk; te;j topia kwe;J epw;gJ Ntjid jUk; tplakhFk;. ,d;W ehk; ngw;Ws;s thf;Fupikf;F gpd;dhy; ngupanjhU gpd;dzpapUg;gJ mjw;fhf ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fspd; %yk; mwpaf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

(1) 1949,y; 3Mk; ,yf;fj;jpy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l ,e;jpa ghfp];jhdpd; tjptpl (gpuh[Tupik) rl;lk;

(2) 1964 Mk; Mz;L nfhz;Ltug; gl;l (03.10.1964) =kh - rh];jpup xg;ge;jk;.

(3) 1974 Mk; Mz;L [dtup 27,y; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l =kh - ,e;jpuh xg;ge;jk;.

(4) 1987 Mk; Mz;L ,yf;fk; 5,y; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ehlw;wtu;fSf;F gpu[hTupik toq;Fk; rl;lk;.

(5) 1988 Mk; Mz;bd; ,y. 39 ,d; gb nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ehlw;wtu;fSf;F gpu[hTup¨ik toq;Fk; (tpNrl ruj;Jf;fs;) rl;lk;.

(6) ,y. 35 ,d; gb 2008 Mk; Mz;L nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ,yq;if tk;rhtspapdUf;F gpu[hTupik toq;Fk; rl;lk; vd ,e;jr; rl;lq;fspd; gpd;dzpapy; vj;jid Nghuhl;lq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd vd;gij fhyk;jhd; gjpy; nrhy;Yk;. ,j;jid rl;lq;fs; te;J ehk; thf;fspf;fpd;w jifik ngw;whYk; mbg;gilapy; ,d;Dk; ,uz;lhe;ju gpui[fshfNt fzpf;fg;gLk; epiyjhd; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpYk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dUk; 1930 fspy; ,Ue;J ,yq;if nghUshjhuj;jpd; KJnfYk;ghf ,Ue;J tUk; njhopyhsu;fs; Njrpa murpayikg;gpy; nghUj;jkhd gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij ,d;Dk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;shjpUf;fpd;wdu; vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg;ghf 1931,y; ,lk;ngw;w Kjy; fpuhk rigj; Nju;jypy; kiyaf r%fk; mDkjpf;fg;glhky; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lik xU tuyhw;W epfo;thFk;. Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; ele;j KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jypy; thf;fspf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; 95 Ngu; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; 08 gpujpepjpfs; kl;LNk ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshf njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. thf;Fupik gwpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;du; 1952 ,ypUe;J 1977 tiu gpujpepjpfis njupT nra;Ak; cupik vkf;fpy;yhky; NghdJ.

1977,w;Fg; gpd;du; gbg;gbahf Njrpa murpaYf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;f Kbe;jnjdpDk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp kf;fspd; rdj;njhiff;F Vw;g gpujpepjpfis njupT nra;a Kbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp $wpAs;sJ Nghy 16 gpujpepjpfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; mjpy; gj;jhf Fiwe;J mjpYk; xUtu; NtnwhU r%fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;w xU epiyikiaj;jhd; kiyaf murpay; epiyg;ghl;by; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

kiyafj;ij nghWj;jtiuapd; murpaYk; njhopw; rq;fKk; ,ize;Nj fhzg;gLtjhy; ,yf;if vl;lKbahky; ,Ug;gij czuf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. murpay; njhopw;rq;fg; Nghl;lh Nghl;bfs; fhuzkhf mWgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l murpay; njhopw;rq;fq;fisAk; gj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfisAk; itj;Jf;nfhz;L rpjWz;L Njrpa fl;rpfspNy ,d;dKk; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba gupjhg epiy njhlu;fpwJ.

gy;NtW rpukq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l cupikia ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba flg;ghL kiyaf ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp kf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cupj;Jilajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. MfNt kiyaf gpujpepjpfs; KOikahf Njrpaf; fl;rpfspy; gpizj;Jf; nfhz;Nlh my;yJ jdpj;jdp FOkq;fshf gpupe;J epd;Nwh Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf jdpf; FOf;fshf nraw;gLthu;fNsahdhy; ,Uf;Fk; jkpo; gpujpepjpj;Jtq;fisAk; vjpu;fhyq;fspy; ,of;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;glyhk;.

xd;gJ njhFjpfis nfhz;bUf;Fk; gJis khtl;lj;jpy; 2008 Mk; Mz;by; thf;fhsu; gjptpd; mbg;gilapy; 5>74>814 thf;fhsu;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fspy; fzprkhd njhifapdu; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapduhtu;. nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapy; 16.44 tPjj;jpdu; Njrpa milahs ml;iliaf; $l ngw;Wf;nfhs;shky; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. gJis khtl;l thf;Ffis njhFjpthupahf ghu;f;Fk; NghJ k`paq;fid 85>562> tpaYt 48>231> griw 60>002> gJis 51>468> `hyp-vy 63>124> Cth guzfk 59>472> ntspkil 68>937> gz;lhutis 77>312> mg;Gj;jis 60>706 MFk;. ,e;epiyapy; ngUe;Njhl;l thf;fhsu;fs; vjpu;tUk; nghJj; Nju;jypy; vt;thW gad;gLj;jg; Nghfpwhu;fs; vd;gij nghWj;jpUe;Jjhd; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

mjD}Nl griw> eKDFy gFjpf;F mz;kpj;j njd;df;Fk;Gu> fe;jNtud Nghd;w Njhl;lq;fs; nkhduhfiy khtl;lj;jpw;Fs; cs;slq;FtJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpy; 4>57>137 gjpT nra;ag;gl;l thf;fhsu;fs; ,Ug;gNjhL ,tu;fspYk; ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp jkpo; kf;fNs. Etnuypah khtl;l Nju;jy; thf;fhsu; gjptpd; mbg;gilapy; Etnuypah k];nfypah 2>47>069> nfhj;kiy 70>730> `q;Fuhq;nfj;j 65>969> tyg;gid 73>369 vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,yq;if njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];> kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp Mfpad MSq; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;baplTs;sjhf njuptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzpapd; ,d;ndhU gpuptpdu; kz;ntl;b rpd;dj;jpy; Nghl;bapl jahuhfp tUtjhf Cu;[pjkw;w jfty;fs; ntspahfpAs;sd. jpfhk;guk; jiyikapyhd njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fk;> [dehaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp> ,yq;if njhopyhsu; If;fpa Kd;dzp Mfpatw;Wld; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; ,yq;if Njrpa Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; rq;fk; vd;gd If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;baplTs;sd.

[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jypd; NghJ ,. njh. fhtpypUe;J ntspNawpa vk;. rr;rpjhde;jd; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapYk;> Rfhjhu gpujp mikr;ru; tbNty; RNu\; MSq;fl;rpapYk; Nghl;baplTs;sjhf njuptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpYk; ,t;thwhd epiyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vJ vg;gbapUg;gpDk; mfykhf fhiy itf;f epidf;fhky; Mokhf itj;jhy; kl;LNk kiyafk; ,Uf;Fk; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijahtJ ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gNj kiyaf kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

(griwA+u; f. NtyhAjk;)