xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; xsp tpsf;fha; jpfo;e;j tq;f ehafd; N[hjpghR

(g. Nkhfd; Rg;ukzpak; kj;jpa fkpl;b cWg;gpdu; ,yq;if fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp)

Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; Nkw;F tq;fhsk; tuyhw;W ngUik kpf;fJ vd;why; kpifahfhJ. tWikapdhYk;> nghUshjhu neUf;fbapdhYk; Kd;Ndw;wkilahky; ,Ue;j ,k;khepyk; 1977k; Mz;L ,e;jpa khu;f;rp] fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; Ml;rpapd; gpd;du; khw;wk; fz;lJ. ,jw;F %j;j khf;rPa rpe;jidahsu; N[hjpghR Kjyikr;ruhf nghWg;Ngw;W ,k; khepyj;ij ,e;jpahtpd; tsu;r;rpaile;j khepykhf khw;wpaikj;j khNkij N[hjpghRtpd; kuzk; ,e;jpa ghl;lhsp kf;fSf;F xU Ngupog;ghFk;. ,tupd; kiwT <Lnra;aKbahj xd;W.

,e;jpahtpd; khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; %j;j jiytu; Njhou; N[hjpghR 2010 [dtup 17k; jpfjp fy;fj;jh kUj;Jtkidapy; capupoe;jhu;. cynfq;fpYKs;s fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpfSf;F ,e;jpa khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp ru;tNjr nrayhsu; Njhou; rPj;jhuhk; nar;R+up ,tuJ kuzr;nra;jp cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. N[hjpghR jdJ cliy kUj;Jt Muhr;rpf;F nfhLj;jpUe;jjhy; [dtup 19k; jpfjp ,Wjp Cu;tyk; elhj;jp kUj;Jtkidf;F mtupd; cly; jhdkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

1964fspy; ru;tNjr fk;A+dp];l; ,af;fj;jpy; jj;Jthu;j;j eilKiw uPjpahd gpsTfs; Vw;gl;l NghJ ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapYk; gpsTfs; Vw;gl;ld. 1964y; ,e;jpa khf;rPf fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l NghJ mjd; Muk;gfhy cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;jtu;fspy; Njhou; N[hjpghRTk; xUtu;. 1964 Kjy; 2008k; Mz;L tiu khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; mjp cau; gPlkhd murpay; FOtpy; mq;fk; tfpj;jhu;. 2008k; Mz;L Kjy; cly; eyf;Fiwthy; Xa;tpy; ,Ue;jhu;.

,Ug;gpDk; mtu; ,wf;Fk; tiuapYk; ,e;jpa khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; kj;jpa FO cWg;gpduhfTk; gq;fspg;G nra;jhu;. khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; Muk;gfhy cWg;gpdu;fspy; ,Wjp cWg;gpduhthu;. ,e;jpa murpaypy; ,lJrhup nfhs;iff;F tY Nru;g;gjpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpj;jhu; N[hjpghR. ,e;jpa murpaypy; kpfTk; vopikahd murpay; jiytuhf fUjg;gl;lhu;.

Nrhtpaj; Gul;rpf;F Kd; 1914 [{iy 8k; jpfjp mg;Nghija fpof;F tq;fhsj;jpy; kj;jpaju FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jtu; (,g;NghJ tq;fhs Njrk;) je;ij itj;jpau;. jha; FLk;gj; jiytuhf ,Ue;jtu;. ,tupd; ghlrhiy tho;f;if 1920fspy; Muk;gkhdJ. N[hjPd;jpu ghR vd;w ngaiu N[hjpghRthf RUf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;. fpof;F tq;fhsj;jpy; mike;jpUe;j nrd;. Nrtpau; ghlrhiyapy; Muk;gf; fy;tpia njhlu;e;jhu; (,g;ghlrhiy gpd;du; [dhjpgjp tpj;jpahyakhf khw;wg;gl;lJ). mjd; gpd; `pe;J ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;W gl;ljhupahf ntspNawpdhu;. mijj; njhlu;e;J Mq;fpy Gyikapy; nfsut gl;lk; ngw;whu;.

1935k; Mz;L rl;lk; njhlu;ghd ghup];lu; gl;lg;gbg;gpw;fhf ,q;fpyhe;Jf;F nrd;whu;. mq;F nghUshjhu tpQ;Qhd Nguhrpupau; n`hy;l; Ny];fpAila nrhw;nghopTfis Nfl;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,q;fpyhe;J fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpA+lhfNt mtu; murpay; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;lhu;. mt;thwhd eltbf;iffspy; <LgLk;NghJ Gfo;G+j;j khf;rPa rpe;jidahsUk; vOj;jhsUkhd uh[dp ghk;lj;jpd; ghjpg;G mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ.

mtupd; gpujhd murpay; gzpahf ,q;fpyhe;jpy; fy;tpiaj; njhlu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jNghJ ,e;jpa khztu;fis xd;wpizg;gjpy; Kd;epd;whu;. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; fy;tp fw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj ,e;jpa Njrpa ,af;fj;jpYk; yPf; mikg;NghLk; njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. (ek;ehl;L fk;A+dp];l; jiytu; lhf;lu; v];. V. tpf;ukrpq;f ,e;j mikg;gpd; ,izr; nrayhsuhf gzpGupe;jhu;) Njhou; gPl;lu; nfdkd;> V. itj;jpaypq;fk;> gp. fe;ijah Nghd;wtu;fs; N[hjpghRtpd; rkfhy Nghuhl;l rfhf;fs;)

1938k; Mz;L [t`u;yhy; NeUtpd; ,q;fpyhe;J Rw;W gazj;jpd; NghJk; Rgh]; re;jpuNghrpd; ,q;fpyhe;J gazj;jpd; NghJk; mq;F $l;lq;fs; xOq;F nra;Ak; nghWg;G N[hjp ghRtplk; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;jpa Njrpa rigapd; jiytuhf nraw;gl;ltu; N[hjpghrNt. ,e;jpa murpay; jiytu;fs; ,q;fpyhe;Jf;F tUk;NghJ mtu;fis njhopw;fl;rp jiytu;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;JtJk; ,tu;jhd;. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; fy;tp fw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j fk;A+dp];l; jiytuhd GNg];Fg;jhjhd; ,q;fpyhe;J fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapy; Njhou;ghR ,iztjw;F fhuzfu;jhthf ,Ue;jhu;.

1940y; ghup];luhf jdJ gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;Jf;nfhz;l ,tu;> RNjr Mz;L ,e;jpahtpw;F jpUg;gpdhu;. fy;fl;lh cr;rePjp kd;wj;jpy; tof;fwpQuhf gjpT nra;J nfhz;lhu;. ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; jiytu;fis re;jpj;J fl;rpapy; ,ize;J nfhz;L ePjpkd;w eltbf;ifapy; <LgLtjw;F khwhf mtu; Nju;njLj;jJ fl;rpapd; KONeu Copauhf gzpGupe;jhu;. Nrhtpaj; el;GwT rq;fj;jpdJk; fy;fj;jhtpy; ghrpr tpNuhj vOj;jhsu;fspd; rq;fj;jpd; nrayhsuhfTk; flikahw;wpdhu;.

,f; fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp rl;ltpNuhj fl;rpahf jil nra;ag;gl;bUe;jjhy; fl;rp mq;fj;jtuhd mtUf;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;j nghWg;G fl;rp jiytu;fSld; ,ufrpa njhlu;Gfisg; NgZtjhFk;. 1944y; ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp Gifapuj njhopyhsu;fSld; gzpGupa Muk;gpj;j NghJ Gifapuj njhopyhsu; rq;fj;jpd; nghJr; nrayhsuhf gjtpNaw;W gpugy njhopw;rq;fj; jiytuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhu;.

1946y; Vida fk;A+dp];l; jiytu;fSld; tq;fhsj;jpd; rl;l Nguitf;F Nju;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. 1946k; Mz;L Kjy; ePz;l fhyk; Nkw;F tq;fhs rl;l rigapd; vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytuhf mUk;gzpahw;wpatu;. Nkw;F tq;fhs khepy fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp nrayhsuhf 1953k; Mz;L Kjy; 1961k; Mz;L tiu nray;gl;lhu;. 1951k; Mz;L mtu; fl;rpapd; kj;jpa FO cWg;gpduhf Nju;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;.

1967k; Mz;L Kjy; 1969k; Mz;L tiu Nkw;F tq;fhs khepy rl;l Nguit vjpu;f;fl;rp jiytuhf flikahw;wpatu; mjd;gpd; 1977k; Mz;LKjy; Nkw;F tq;fhs khepy Kjyikr;ruhf Rkhu; 23 tUlq;fs; njhlu;e;J gjtp tfpj;j ngUik mtiuNa rhUk;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; kpfTk; Gfo;G+j;j fk;A+dp];l; jiytuhf tpsq;fpdhu;. kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rigia fk;A+dp];l;Lf;fs; vt;thW gad;gLj;jp njhopyhsu;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij ,uz;L rfhg;jq;fSf;F Nky; nra;J fhl;ba nray; tPuu; N[hjpghR.

,tupd; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; epyr;rPu;jpUj;j rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;L ,yl;r fzf;fhd njhopyhsu;fSf;F fhzpia toq;fp mtu;fis rpW tptrhapfshf khw;wpaikj;j ngUik mtiuNa rhUk;. 2002Mk; Mz;L jhdhf gjtp tpyfpdhu;. 1996k; Mz;L Njrpa Kd;dzp ,e;jpa gpujku; gjtpf;F Njhou; N[hjpghRtpd; ngau; gpNuhupf;fg;gl;lJ. xUthu fhy tpthjj;jpw;F gpd; gpujku; gjtpia Vw;gjpy;iy vd khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp KbntLj;jJ. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,e;j KbT gpioahd KbT vdTk; tuyhw;W jtW vdTk; N[hjpghR Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

mnkupf;f Vfhjpgj;jpak; fpA+gh ehl;Lf;nfjpuhf nghUshjhuj; jil tfpj;jJ. cyfk; G+uhfTk; cs;s fk;A+dp];l;Lfs; fpA+ghTf;F MjuT toq;FtJ vdTk; mtu;fSf;F Njitahd mj;jpahtrpa nghUl;fis Nrfupj;J mDg;GtJ vdTk; mjw;fhd KjyhtJ fpA+ghTf;fhd xj;Jiog;G khehL 1995Mk; Mz;L fy;fj;jhtpy; Muk;gkhdJ. ,yq;ifapypUe;J midj;J Kw;Nghf;F rf;jpfSk; jdJ Mjuit toq;f jPu;khdpj;J fy;fl;lh nrd;wdu;. Mrpa gRgpf; ehLfisr; Nru;e;j ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; Rgh re;jpuNgh]; muq;fpy; xd;Wf;$b jkJ Mjuit njuptpj;jdu;.

md;iwa ehspy; ,yq;if gpujpepjpfSf;F Njhou; N[hjpghR mtu;fs; Kjyikr;ru; ,y;yj;jpy; ,uhg;Nghrd tpUe;J toq;fp nfsutpj;jhu;. mtupd; Njhoik> el;G vk;iknay;yhk; Mr;rupg;gLj;jpaJ. ,k; kfhehl;by; bA+ FzNrfu> it. gp. rpy;th> rptjhrd;> b. jk;igah> gp. Nkhfd;Rg;gpukzpak;> thRNjt ehzaf;fhu> lgps;A. V. ju;kjhr cl;gl khfhz mikr;ru;fs; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; ngz;fs; mikg;G> kdpj cupik mikg;G> ,isQu; mikg;G rhu;gpy; Rkhu; 65 Ngu; fye;Jnfhz;ldu;. vk;ik nghWj;j tiuapy; ,d;iwa ,sk; jiyKiwapdUf;F N[hjpghRtpd; murpay; tho;f;if Nghuhl;lk; Xu; Kd;khjpupahf mika Ntz;Lnkd;gNj.

N[hjpghRtpd; kiwT <Lnra;a Kbahj Ngupog;ghFk;. ,e;jpa khf;rPa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpAld; vkJ NjhoikAs;s mDjhgq;fis gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.