tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; njhopyhsu;fspd; RfhjhuKk; ghJfhg;Gk; Ngzg;glNtz;Lk;

jw;NghJ ,yq;if KOtJk; ghupa tPjp mgptpUj;jpAk;> Gjpa tPjpfs; mikg;gJk; ,lk;ngw;W tUtij ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,t; tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd njhopyhsu;fs; <LgLj;jg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;. ,j; njhopyhsu;fspd; RfhjhuKk; ghJfhg;G gw;wp tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l midtUk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; <LgLk;NghJ mq;F ngUkstpy; GOjp Vw;gLtijAk;> fw;fs;> kz;> rPnke;J Nghd;witfs; ifahsNtz;bAk;> gy tifahd cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;bAk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,itfis njhopyhsu;fs; vt;thW ifahs Ntz;Lk; vDk; mwptpj;jy;fis tPjp mgptpUj;jpia nghWg;G Vw;W cs;s xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fSk;> mtu;fspd; Nkw;ghu;itahsu;fSk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fSk;> cgfuzq;fSk;> thfdq;fSk; gytifahd tpgj;Jf;fSf;Fk;> Neha;fSf;Fk; fhuzkhfpd;wd.

NkYk; tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; <LgLk;NghJ mt; tPjpapy; gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd thfdq;fSk; jpdKk; nry;y Ntz;b ,Ug;gjhy; mt;thfdq;fspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk; Gif %l;lj;jpdhYk; njhopyhsu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; cs;s njhopyhsu;fs; jpwikahd kw;Wk; jpwik Fiwe;j Copau;fSk; cs;sdu;. jpwikahd Copau;fspy; nghwpapayhsu;fs;> Nkw;ghu;itahsu;fs; Nghd;Nwhu; cs;sdu;. ,tu;fs; nghJthf fz;zhb ifAiwfs;> fhy;mzpfs;> Kf%bfs; Nghd;wit mzpe;jpUg;gij fhzyhk;.

Mdhy; jpwik Fiwe;j fPo; kl;l Vida Copau;fs; ngUkstpy; tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. ,tu;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu> ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; tPjp mgptpUj;jp xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs; nra;J nfhLj;Js;shu;fsh vd;gJ Nfs;tpf;FwpahFk;.

,tu;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu> ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; toq;fg;glhtpbd; mtw;iw Nkw;ghu;it nra;J mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf rl;l eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gJk; mLj;j ghupa Nfs;tpahFk;. ,f;fPo;kl;l njhopyhsu;fSf;F vt;tifahd Rfhjhu ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; ,yq;ifr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJk; mj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F njupahJ.

NkYk;> ,t;tPjpNahu mgptpUj;jpapy; mjpfsthd ngz;fSk; <LgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJk; ngUk; ftiyf;Fupa tplakhFk;. vdNt ,j; njhopyhsu;fSf;fhd cupa Rfhjhu> ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; KiwNa nra;ag;glhtpby; mtu;fs; ghupa tpgj;Jf;fisAk; njhopy;rhu; Neha;fisAk; vjpu;Nehf;fNtz;b Vw;gLk;.

epu;khzk; vd;gij tiuaWf;Fk;NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk;.

tjptpl Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf> tpahghu Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fl;blq;fs; epu;khzk;> jw;NghJs;s fl;blj;Jf;fhd Gduikj;jy; my;yJ guhkupf;Fk;NghJ jw;NghJs;s fl;blq;fis mfw;wYk;> Rj;jg;gLj;jYk;> ngUe;njUf;fs; mikj;jy;> ghyq;fs; mikj;jy; kw;Wk; ePu; tpepNahfKk; tbfhy; mikj;jYk; my;yJ Vida epu;khz NtiyfisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

tPjp mgptpUj;jpahdJ epu;khzf; ifj;njhopy; Xu; Kf;fpa gpupthFk;. epu;khzf; ifj;njhopy; gw;wp fdlhtpd; epu;khzf; ifj;njhopy; $ypfs; rl;lkhdJ gpd;tUk; rpytw;iwAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

1. rpwpa tbfhy; mikg;Gld; $ba ngUe;njUf;fs;> tPjpfs; Gifapuj tPjpfs; my;yJ XL ghijfs; epu;khzKk;> guhkupj;jYk;>

2. ghiw> fputy;> kz;> fsp> my;yJ nfhq;al; Nghd;wtw;iw epu;khzpg;gjpy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gFjp> gFjpahf nfhz;L nry;yYk; NkYk; ghiw> fputy; my;yJ xd;W jpul;ba kzy; Nghd;wtw;iw nrad;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jYk; gFjpahf;FjiyAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ.

vdNt epu;khzk; vd;gij tiuaWf;Fk;NghJ Ma;thsu;fs; ngUk; njUf;fs; epu;khzk; ghyk; epu;khzk;> tbfhyikg;G epu;khzk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wdu;.

epu;khzf; ifj;njhopyhdJ kpfTk; Mgj;J epiwe;j Ntiyfis nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ. ,f; ifj;njhopy; xNu Neuj;jpy; gy;NtW Mgj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tpgj;Jf;fs;> GOjp> rj;jk;> mupg;G> ,urhad kw;Wk; Vida Mgj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j nghUs;fs;> ghtid> ghupa Ntiy kw;Wk; ghw;whf;Fiwahd trjpfisAk; nfhz;ljhf epu;khzf; ifj;njhopy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt tPjp epu;khzKk;> Gduikg;Gk; epu;khzf; ifj;njhopypy; cs;slf;fg;gLtjdhy; ,Nj njhopy;rhu; Mgj;Jf;fis ,q;Fk; fhzyhk;.

nghJthf tPjp epu;khzj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kz;> rPnke;J> fy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J ngUksthd GOjpAk;> ,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ghupa thfdq;fspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; Gif Nghd;witAk; ,q;F Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fSf;F ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

NkYk; ,q;F Nghjpasthd ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;glhjjhy; gy;NtW Rfhjhu> ghJfhg;G Mgj;Jf;fis njhopyhsu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;w du;. rpyNtis Nkhrkhd fhaq;fSf;Fk; cs;shfpd;wdu;. tPjpapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fSf;F ifAiwAk; fhy;fis KOikahf kiwf;Fk; ghjzpAk; Kf%b Nghd;witAk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Mdhy; jw;NghJ mjpfkhd njhopyhsu;fs; ntWk; rhjhuz wg;gu; ghjul;irfisNa mzpfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; nfhq;fpal; fyitfs; nra;aNtz;b ,Uf;Fk;. ,itNghd;w NtiyfSf;F Nghjpa ghJfhg;G ftrq;fs; toq;fg;glhtpbd; mtu;fspd; iffs; kpfTk; fbdkhdjhfkhWtJld; fhak; Vw;gly; mOf;filjy;> Njhy;fspy; fb cz;lhjy; Nghd;w Neha;fSk; Vw;glyhk;.

tPjpapy; nry;Yk; ghjrhupfs;> thfdj;jpy; nry;Nthu; $l jq;fspd; Kfj;ij %b tPjpapy; cUthFk; GOjpapy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;f Kidtij ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. mg;gbahdhy; mq;F Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fSf;F Nghjpa Rfhjhu ghJfhg;G trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jp nfhLf;f Ntz;baJ vt;tsT Kf;fpak; vd;gij kdpj NeaKs;s vtUk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tu;.

,yq;ifapd; njhopw;rhiyr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Njitahd Rfhjhu ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; tPjp mgptpUj;jp> guhkupg;G epWtdq;fshy; mKy;gLj;jg;glhtpby; mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf cupa rl;l eltbf;iffs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; tPjpapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fs; gioa Jzpapdhy; jq;fsJ %f;if kiwj;Jf; fl;bapUg;gijAk; fhzyhk;.

tPjpahy; nry;Yk; thfdq;fs; jq;fsJ thfd fz;zhbfis tPjp Ntiy eilngWk; ,lq;fspy; %LtijAk;> Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy; nry;Nthu; %f;if ,Ug;gijAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. tPjp Ntiy eilngWk; ,lq;fisf; flf;Fk; me;j tpdhbf;F ghjrhupfs; thfdq;fspy; nry;Nthu; me;j msT ghJfhg;G Kd;Ndw;ghLfs; nra;ifapy; me;j tPjpapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fSf;F ve;j msT Rfhjhuk;> ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;syhk;.

Ntiyj; jsq;fs; RfhjhukhfTk;> ghJfhg;ghfTk; ,Ug;gij cWjp nra;tJ njhopy; nra;gtupd; flikahFk;. njhopyhsu;fspd; Neha;fSk; tpgj;Jf;fSk; ,d;W vy;yh ehLfspYk; ghupa gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ. ru;tNjr njhopyhsu; epWtdj;jpd; jftypd; gpufhuk; Mz;L NjhWk; 270 kpy;ypad; njhopyhsu;fs; tpgj;Jf;fshYk; 160 kpy;ypad; Ngu; njhopy;rhu; Neha;fshYk; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhf kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

,g;gbahd tpgj;Jf;fs; fhuzkhf 2.2 kpy;ypad; Ngu; cyfk; KOtJk; kuzkilfpd;wdu;. jpdKk; ruhrup Rku; 6000 njhopyhsu;fs; kuzkilfpd;wdu;. xt;nthU 15 epkplq;fSf;Fk; xU njhopyhsp kuzkilfpd;whd;.

5% njhopyhsu;fs; jpdKk; tpgj;Jf;fs; fhuzkhf Ntiyf;F rKfkspf;fhky; cs;sdu;. NkYk; ehl;bd; nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 4% ,og;G njhopy;rhu; tpgj;Jf;fs; fhuzkhf Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tplaj;jpy; ifj;njhopy; ehLfis tpl 10 klq;F mjpfkhd Mgj;jhd fl;lj;jpy; mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfs; cs;sJ vd njhopyhsu; cwTfs;> kdpjrf;jp mikr;ru; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

njhopy; nfhs;Nthu; Rfhjhuk;> ghJfhg;G tplaj;jpy; Nghjpa ftdk; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf tPjp mgptpUj;jpapy;> guhkupg;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;s njhopyhsu;fSk; gy tifahd njhopy;rhu; tpgj;Jf;fisAk;> Neha;fisAk; vjpu; Nehf;Ftjdhy; mtu;fSf;F Rfhjhukhd Ntiyr; R+oy;> ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; njhopy;rhu; ghJfhg;igAk;> Rfhjhuj;ijAk; cWjp nra;a gy rl;l%yq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,r;rl;l%yq;fs; gw;wp tPjp mgptpUj;jp> guhkupg;G Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;Ls; epWtdq;fs; ftdnkLg;gjhf njupatpy;iy.

Vnddpy; me;jsT mq;F Ntiy nra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fspd; Ntiyr; R+oy; Mgj;J epiwe;jjhfTk;> Rfhjhukw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis mtu;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sijAk; mtjhdpf;f Kbtjpy;iy.

mj;Jld; ,j;njhopyhsu;fSf;F ,r;rl;l%yq;fspd; mwpTk; FiwthfNt cs;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fspy; Fwpg;ghf njhopw;rhiyfs; rl;lk; Kf;fpakhFk;. njhopw;rhiy rl;lkhdJ ifj;njhopy; ghJfhg;G Rfhjhuk; njhlu;ghd mk;rq;fis Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

,r;rl;l%yj;ij epWtdq;fs;> xge;jf;fhuu;fs; Kiwahf mKy;gLj;Jthu;f Nsahdhy;> njhopyhsu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; Rfhjhuk;> ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T fhzKbAk;. tPjp Ntiyapy; njhopyhsu;fSf;F gy tifahd ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;glyhk;. ,g; ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fis ,uz;L tifahf gpupf;fyhk;.

1. Rthrk; rhuh ghJfhg;G fUtpfs;.

2. Rthrk; rhu; ghJfhg;G fUtpfs;.

Rthrk; rhuh ghJfhg;G fUtpfs;.

njhopyhsu;fspd; clk;gpd; gFjpfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd fUtpfis Ie;J tiffSf;Fs; cs;slf;f KbAk;

a. jiyg; ghJfhg;G

jiyg; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf jiyf;ftrq;fs;> fdkhd njhg;gpfs;> gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,itfs; njhopyhsu; fspd; jiyfis fhaq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; R+l;bypUe;Jk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

b. fz;zpzJk;> Kfj;jpdJk; ghJfhg;G

GOjp> gwe;J tUk; nghUl;fs;> Mgj;jhd fjpu; tPr;Rf;fs; Nghd;witfspy; ,Ue;J fz;fis ghJfhf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. Kiwahf ghJfhf;fhtpby; fz;fspy; fhaq;fs; Vw;gLtJld; rpy Ntis fz;fis my;yJ ghu;itia ,of;f Ntz;bAk; Vw;glyhk;.

xl;LNtiy jiyf;ftrq;fs;> xl;LNtiy ngupa fz;zhbfs; Nghd;wit gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. KOKfj;ij ghJfhf;f Kf ciwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

c. ghjKk; fhYk; ghJfhg;G

nghJthf ghjKk; fhYf;Fkhd ghJfhg;G fUtpfshf ghJfhg;G fhyzpfs;> G+l;]; Nghd;wd cs;sd. ghJfhg;G fhyzpfs; fhaq;fs; mjhtJ fhypy; fPwy;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fpd;wd.

G+l;]; Nghd;wit fhiy ,urhazg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;witfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fpd;wd. gir G+l;]; vDk; Xu; tifahd fhyzp <uypg;ghd ,lq;fspy; Ntiy nra;tjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

d. if> Koq;ifapDila ghJfhg;G

njhopyhsu;fs; fy;> kz;> ,urhazg; nghUl;fs;> rPnke;J Nghd;wtw;iw gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ if> Koq;iffspy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fiwf;f Nghjpa Vw;ghL nfa;aNtz;Lk;.

e. clk;G ghJfhg;G

njhopyhsu;fspd; Ntiyapd; jd;ikia nghWj;J rpy Ntiyfspy; KO clk;ikAk; ghJfhf;f $ba ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fhaq;fs; Nghd;w Mgj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fyhk;. rpy njhopy;fs; kpfTk; Mgj;jhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjw;Nfw;g KO clk;igAk; kiwf;Fk; tifapy; Njhy; Nghd;wtw;why; nra;ag;gl;l Nkyq;fp gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.

vk;. V. vk;. `{ird; myp>

(rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.)