[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; tuyhW:

,e;j Ml;rp Kiwia khw;wf; $ba jiytu; ahu;?

(mUs; rj;jpaehjd;)

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiwia ,yq;iff;F> Gjpa murpayikg;G rl;lj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jjd; %yk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jpatu; N[. Mu;. [atu;jd. epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiw %yk; tpiuthf ehl;il mgptpUj;jp nra;ayhk;; jhkjg;gLj;jf;$ba jlq;fy;fis ePf;fp mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis tpiuTgLj;j KbAk;; ,dg; gpur;rpid Nghd;w Njrpa gpur;rpidfis jPu;f;f KbAk; vdg; gy fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b mtu; ,g; gjtpia cUthf;fpdhu;.

mnkupf;f kw;Wk; gpnuQ;R [dhjpgjp KiwfisAk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; gpd;gw;wpajhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if [dhjpgjp Kiw epiwa mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j mjpfhuq;fisg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;l N[. Mu;. [atu;jd> ,e;j mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mizg; ngz;zhfTk; ngz;iz MzhfTk; khj;jpuNk khw;w KbahJ vd;W xU jlit ngUkpjj;Jld; nrhd;dhu;.

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwf;F Kd;du; gpujku; gjtpNa mjpfhuk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. [dhjpgjpahf ,Ue;jtu; ngaustpNyNa mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltuhf tpsq;fpdhu;. epiwNtw;W cj;juTfis mtuhy; gpwg;gpf;f KbahJ. ,jw;F ,e;jpa Kiwia cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;. mq;Nf epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Fk; gpujkUf;FNk cs;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; ePz;l fhyk; [dhjpgjpahf tPw;wpUe;j tpy;ypak; Nfhgy;yhitapd; gjtp KbTf;F nfhz;L tug;gl;L epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l Kjy; [dhjpgjpahf N[. Mu;. [atu;jd gjtpNaw;whu;. mtu; cUthf;fpa Gjpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; 1978 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; Vohk; jpfjp mKYf;F te;jJ. mJtiu gpujkuhf ,Ue;j N[. Mu;. [dhjpgjpahf gjtpNaw;f> mjpfhuq;fsw;w gpujkuhf Mu;. gpNukjhr gjtpf;F te;jhu;.

xU [dhjpgjp jhd; gjtpf;F te;j ehd;F Mz;Lfspy; kw;nwhU [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jiy elj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuj;ijg; ngWfpwhu;. ,e;j mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp N[. Mu;. [atu;jd 1982 k; Mz;L KjyhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jiy elj;jpdhu;.

,j; Nju;jy; 1982 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; 20 k; jpfjp eilngw;wJ. mr; rkaj;jpy; tpNrl [dhjpgjp Mizf;FOtpdhy; tprhupf;fg;gl;L Fw;wthspahff; fhzg;gl;l =khNth gz;lhuehaf;f Fbapay; cupikfs; gwpf;fg;gl;Lj; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jjhy; gz;lhuehaf;f murpy; (1970 - 77) fhzp tptrha mikr;ruhfTk; rf;jptha;e;j kdpjuhfTk; ngUe;Njhl;lq;fis gy vjpu;g;GfSf;F kj;jpapy; RtPfupj;J muR nghWg;gpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr; nra;jtUkhd n`f;lu; nfhg;NgfLit N[. Miu vjpu;j;Jg; Nghl;bapl;lhu;.

N[. Miug; Nghd;w xU rf;jp tha;e;j murpay; thjpia vjpu;f;ff; $batuhf ,tu; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,j; Nju;jypy; 81 yl;rj;J 45 Mapuk; Ngu; thf;fspf;Fk; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. 66 yl;rj;J ,uz;lhapuj;J 617 Ngu; thf;fspj;jpUe;jdu;. mWtu; Nghl;bapl;ldu;. ,j; Nju;jypy; 34 yl;rj;J 50 Mapuj;J 811 thf;Ffis (52.9 rjtPjk;) N[. Mu; ngw;W ntw;wp ngw;whu;. n`f;lu; nfhg;NgfLt =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp Ntl;ghsuhfg; Nghl;bapl;L 25 yl;rj;J 48 Mapuj;J 438 thf;Ffis (39.1 rj tPjk;) ngw;wpUe;jhu;.

88 Mk; Mz;L ,uz;L Kiw gjtp tfpj;jjhy; [dhjpgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J N[. Mu;. Xa;T ngw> 1988 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; 19 Mk; jpfjp eilngw;w ,uz;lhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jypy; I. Nj. f. Ntl;ghsuhf Mu;. gpNukjhr Nghl;bapl mtiu vjpu;j;J Rje;jpuf; fl;rp Ntl;ghsuhff; fskpwq;fpdhu; =khNth gz;lhuehaf;f. ehnlq;Fk; td;Kiw> MAj fyhrhuk; vd mikjpapd;ik R+o;e;j xU epiyapy; ,j; Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. mr; rkaj;jpy; tlf;F> fpof;fpy; ,e;jpa rkhjhd gilapdu; epiy nfhz;bUf;f> njw;fpy; N[. tp. gp. td;Kiwg; Nghuhl;lk; jPtpukile;jpUe;jJ. 

,t;thwhd gpd;dzpapy; eilngw;w Nju;jypy; 93 yl;rj;J 75 Mapuj;J 742 Ngu; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. vdpDk; mrhjhuz R+oy; fhuzkhf 51 yl;rj;J 86 Mapuj;J 223 Ngu; kl;LNk thf;fspj;jpUe;jdu;. ,j; Nju;jypy; gpNukjhr 25 yl;rj;J 69 Mapuj;J 199 thf;Ffisg; ngw;wpUf;f (50.4 rjtPjk;) ];uPkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f 22 yl;rj;J 89 Mapuj;J 960 thf;Ffisg; ngw;wpUe;jhu; (45.0 rjtPjk;). ,j; Nju;jYf;fhd thf;fspg;gpy; Coy;> Nkhrbfs; eilngw;wpUg;gjhff; $wpa =khNth gz;lhuehaf;f ePjpkd;wk; nrd;whu;. tof;F eilngw;wJ. vdpDk; jPu;g;G gpNukjhrTf;F rhjfkhfNt mike;jJ.

[dhjpgjp gpNukjhr fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpa rkhjhd gilapdu; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;ldu;. tl fpof;F khfhz rig fiyf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;j tujuh[ngUkhs; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jg;gpNahbdhu;. tpLjiyg; GypfSld; nfhOk;gpy; Ngr;Rthu;j;ij eilngw;wJ. vdpDk; 1993 k; Mz;L Nk Kjyhk; jpfjp nfhOk;G fpuhz;l;gh]; re;jpapy; Nk jpd Cu;tyj;ij xOq;F gz;zpf; nfhz;bUe;j rkak; tpLjiyg; Gyp jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhsp xUtu; elj;jpa jhf;Fjypy; gpNukjhr gypahdhu;. cldbahf> md;iwa gpujku; B. gP. tpN[Jq;f [dhjpgjpahfTk; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f gpujkuhfTk; nghWg;Ngw;wdu;.

1994 k; Mz;L etk;gu; 9 Mk; jpfjp %d;whtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. 1993-94 fhyg; gFjpapy; gpNukjhr> fhkpdp jprhehaf;f> x]p mNgFztu;jd> yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp> tPurpq;f ky;ypkhuhr;rp cl;gl gy Kd;dzp murpay; gpuKfu;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldu;. ,f; fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if murpay; thdpy; Xu; cja jhuifahfj; Njhd;wp Nky; khfhz Kjy;tuhfTk;> gpujkuhfTk; gjtp tfpj;j re;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f ,j; Nju;jypy; Rje;jpuf; fl;rp Ntl;ghsuhf Nghl;bapl;lhu;.

mtiu vjpu;j;J I. Nj. f. tpd; gyKk; nry;thf;Fk; nfhz;l fhkpdp jprhehaf;f Nghl;bapl;l NghjpYk; nfhOk;gpy; eilngw;w xU Fz;L ntbg;gpy; mtu; capupoe;jhu;. I. Nj. f. tpy; Kd;dzpj; jiytu;fs; vtUk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; mDjhg miyia kl;Lk; ek;gp mf; fl;rp fhkpdp jprhehaf;fhtpd; ghupahu; rpwpkh jprhehaf;fhitj; jdJ Ntl;gsuhf fsj;jpy; epWj;jpaJ. ,tu;> vt;tifapYk; re;jpupfh gz;lhu ehaf;fhTf;F rkkhdtuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt re;jpupfhtpd; ntw;wp Kd;dNuNa cWjp nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

,j; Nju;jypy; xU NfhbNa 94 yl;rj;J 50 Mapuj;J 65 Ngu; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. Nju;jypy; 77 yl;rj;J 13 Mapuj;J 232 Ngu; thf;fspj;jdu;. re;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f 47 yl;rj;J 9 Mapuj;J 205 thf;Ffs; (62.3 rjtPjk;) ngw;W ehd;fhtJ [dhjpgjpahf Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpdhu;. ,tiu vjpu;j;J epd;w jpUkjp jprhehaf;f> 27 yl;rj;J 15 Mapuj;J 285 thf;Ffs; (35.9 rjtPjk;) ngw;W Njhy;tpaile;jhu;.

ehd;fhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; 1999 k; Mz;L eilngw;wJ. jdJ gjtpf; fhyk; Kbtila Xuhz;L ,Uf;ifapy; re;jpupfh mk;ikahu; ,j; Nju;jiy elj;j Kd;te;jhu;. ,f; fhyg; gFjpapy; tlf;fpy; Nghu; cf;fpukile;jpUe;jJ. muR gilapdu; ghupa ,og;Gfis re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,j; Nju;jypy; re;jpupfhit uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f vjpu; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. 1999 k; Mz;L brk;gu; 21 k; jpfjp Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. Mdhy; rpy jpdq;fSf;F Kd;du; brk;gu; 18 Mk; jpfjp> nfhOk;G efu rig kz;lg ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;w ,Wjp Nju;jy; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l re;jpupfh mk;ikahu; kPJ ngz; Gyp xUtu; elj;jpa jw;nfhiyj; jhf;Fjypy; mtu; fhakile;jhu;. xU fz; gwpNghdJ. ,f; filrp Neuj; jhf;Fjy; mtu; kPJ xU mDjhg miyia Vw;gLj;jNt> uzpypd; ntw;wp tha;g;Gfis mJ ghjpj;jJ.

,j; Nju;jypy; xU NfhbNa 11 yl;rj;J 79 Mapuj;J 200 Ngu; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. 86 yl;rj;J 35 Mapuj;J 290 Ngu; thf;fspj;jdu;. re;jpupfh 43 yl;rj;J 12 Mapuj;J 157 (51.1 rjtPjk;) thf;Ffisg; ngw;W ntw;wpaPl;bdhu;. mtiu vjpu;j;J Nghl;bapl;l uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f 36 yl;rj;J ,uz;lhapuj;J 748 thf;Ffisg; ngw;W (42.7 rjtPjk;) Njhy;tpaile;jhu;.

Ie;jhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; 2005 k; Mz;L etk;gu; 17 k; jpfjp eilngw;wJ. re;jpupfh murpy; njhopy; mikr;ruhfTk; gpujkuhfTk; gjtp tfpj;j k`pe;j uh[gf;\ ,j; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl;lhu;. mtiu vjpu;j;J uzpy; ,uz;lhtJ jlitahf fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhu;.

,j; Nju;jypy; k`pe;j uh[gf;\ 48 yl;rj;J 87 Mapuj;J 152 thf;Ffisg; ngw;W Ie;jhtJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjpahf njupT nra;ag;gl;lhu;. ,J 50.3 rj tPjkhFk;. ,tiu vjpu;j;J Nghl;bapl;l uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f> 47 yl;rj;J Mwhapuj;J 366 thf;Ffs; (48.4 rjtPjk;) ngw;Wj; Njhy;tpaile;jhu;. ,j; Nju;jypy; xU NfhbNa 33 yl;rj;J 27 Mapuj;J 160 Ngu; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. 98 yl;rj;J 26 Mapuj;J 778 Ngu; thf;fspj;jpUe;jdu;. 13 Ngu; ,j; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl;bUe;jdu;.

[dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\tpd; gjtpf; fhyk; 2011 k; Mz;L etk;gu; khjk; KbtilfpwJ. vdpDk; cs;ehl;Lg; NghUf;F KbT fl;ba MW khj fhyj;jpy;> ehd;F Mz;L fhy epiwtpy;> [dhjpgjp kw;nwhU Nju;jYf;Fg; Nghfj; jPu;khdpj;jijaLj;J 2010 k; Mz;L [dtup 26 k; jpfjp MwhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. ,uz;lhtJ jlitahfTk; ntw;wp ngWtjw;fhd rupahd re;ju;g;gk; ,JNt vd [dhjpgjp fUjpdhYk; I. Nj. f. rpwe;j $l;lzp xd;iw mikj;J> tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F vjpuhd Nghupy; ,uhZtj;Jf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa ,uhZtj; jsgjp ruj; nghd;Nrfhit md;dg;gl;rp rpd;dj;jpy; [dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsuhf epWj;jpaJ. n[duy; nghd;Nrfh> [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F rthy; tplf; $ba nghUj;jkhd njupT vdg; gyuhYk; fUjg;gl;l NghjpYk;>

eilngw;W Kbe;j ,j; Nju;jypy; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\> 60 yl;rj;J 15 Mapuj;J 934 thf;Ffis (57.8 rj tPjk;) ngw;W MwhtJ epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpahf 18 yl;rk; thf;F tpj;jpahrj;jpy; kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;shu;. n[duy; ruj;nghd;Nrfh 41 yl;rj;J 73 Mapuj;J 185 thf;Ffisg; ngw;whu;. ,J 40.1 rj tPjkhFk;. ,j; Nju;jypy; xU NfhbNa 40 yl;rj;J 88 Mapuj;J 500 Ngu; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;.

thf;fspj;jtu; njhif xU NfhbNa ehd;F yl;rj;J 95 Mapuj;J 451 Ngu;fshtu;. [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiwiaf; nfhz;L te;j N[. Mu;. [atu;jd jdJ murpayikg;G rl;lj;ijAk;> [dhjpgjp Ml;rp KiwiaAk; ve;jf; nfhk;gdhYk; khw;wp mikf;f KbahJ vd;W $wpr; nrd;Ws;shu;. [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiwia xopg;Ngd; vd;W jhd; re;jpupfhTk;> ,d;iwa [dhjpgjpAk; $l nrhd;dhu;fs;.

n[duy; nghd;Nrfhtpd; $lhuKk; ,ijj; jhd; gpujhd ,yl;rpakhf Kd;itj;J Nghl;bapl;lJ. me;jf; nfhk;gd; ahu; vd;gJ jhd; ,d;iwa Nfs;tp. Vnddpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghuhSkd;w ngUk;ghd;ikiaj; jpul;lhky; my;yJ mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G elj;jhky; murpay; mikg;gpy; khw;wk; nfhz;L tu KbahJ. ,yq;if murpaypy; ,jw;fhd rhjfkhd R+oy; Vw;gLtJ Ju;ygk;.