,d;W 172tJ gpwe;j jpdk;

K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp tuyhw;wpy; kWkyu;r;rpia cUthf;fpa mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig

(];lhu; uhkf;)

mwpQu; vk;. rp. rpj;jp nyg;ig vDk; ehkk; epidT$ug;gLk; NghJ rpe;ijapy; cjpg;gJ ,e;ehl;L K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp vOr;rp gw;wpa tplaNk. ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; Fwpg;ghf fy;tp tuyhw; wpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU kWkyu;r;rp cUthf fhuzfu;j;jhthf tpsq; fpatu;jhd; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs;.

gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpfspy; ,yq;ifapd; Kg;ngUk; r%fq;fspdJk; fy;tp tsu;r;rpf;fhd Kd;Ndhbfshfj; jpfo;e;jtu;fs; jhd; mefhupf ju;kghy> MWKfehtyu;> rpj;jpnyg;ig Mfpa %tUkhtu;. ,tu;fSs; KjypUtu;fsJk; Nritfs; gy;NtW kl;lq;fspy; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. vdpDk; ,Jfhy tiu kjpg;gPLfSf;F cl;glhj ,e;ehl;L K];ypk; fy;tp> fyhrhu> r%f tptfhuq;fspy; mf;fiw fhl;b tpopg;Gzu;r;rpia tpl;nlhspur; nra;j mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fspd; gq;fspg;G msg;gupaJ.

,w;iwf;F 172 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; fz;bapy; gpwe;jtu; mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig. gpugykpf;f mNugpa tu;j;jf r%fnkhd;Wf;F cupj;jhd ngUkfd; ,e;j rpj;jpnyg;ig. mNugpa kz;zpypUe;J tu;j;jf Nehf;fpy; <okzpj; jpUehl;by; nghUs; Njbte;j Ky;f; u`;kJy; yh`; ghu;guPd; vd;wpLk; K];ypk; fspd; ,wq;F Jiwapd; Kf;fpa jsq;fspnyhd;whd mSj;fhkk; vDk; gFjpapy; FbNawp mq;NfNa jpUkzk; Gupe;J tu;j;jfj;jpy; <Lgl;L te;jhu;. mtuJ guk;giu iar; Nru;e;jtNu K`k;kJ fhrpk; rpj;jpnyg;ig vDk; ,d;iwa fjhehafu; Mthu;.

Ky;f; u`;kJy;yh`;tpd; Gjy;tuhd K`k;kJ nyg;igAk; je;ij topapy; tu;j;jfk; Gupe;J tho;f;if elj;jpatuhthu;. = tpf;fpuk uh[rpq;fd; vDk; kd;dd; fz;bia Mz;L te;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; tpahghu eltbf;iffSf;fhf fz;bf;F te;j ,tu; ,q;NfNa jpUkzk; nra;J tho;e;J te;jhu;.

md;dhUf;Fg; gpwe;j Mz; kfT jhd; K`k;kJ nyg;ig rpj;jp nyg;ig Mthu;. 1833k; Mz;by; ,e;ehl;bd; Kjy; K];ypk; tof;fwpQuhf epakdk; ngw;w ,d;dhUf;F %d;whtJ Foe;ijahf 1838 [_d; 11y; fz;bapy; gpwe;j K`k;kJ fhrpk; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs;jhd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; K];ypk; r%f Nkk;ghl;Lf;F mu;g;gzq;fs; gy Gupe;j mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig vd;gtuhthu;.

,stajpypUe;Nj Ez;zwpTs;s Foe;ijahf tsu;e;j K`k;kJ fhrpk; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; Jbg;Gs;s ,isQuhfTk; tpsq;fpdhu;. jpz;izg; gs;spf; $lj;jpy; fy;tp gapd;w fhyfl;lj;jpy; Fu;Md; Xjy;> khu;f;f rl;l jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa mwpT ngw;wNjhL jkpo; nkhopapYk; ghz;bj;jpak; mile;jhu;. Mq;fpy nkhopiaf; fw;gjpYk; fuprid nfhz;L mjidAk; fw;Wj; Njwpdhu;. muG> jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; vDk; Kk; nkhopfspYk; mjpjpwikahf tpsq;fpa md;dhu; je;ijiag; Nghd;Nw rl;lf; fy;tpapYk; rpwe;j tpsq;fpdhu;.

fz;b khtl;l ePjp kd;wj;jpNy 1862y; tof;fwpQuhf epakdk; ngw;w rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; 1864k; Mz;by; cau; ePjpkd;w tof;fwpQuhf cau; epakdk; ngw;whu;. rkfhyj;jpy; gpurpj;j nehj;jhuprhfTk; gzpGupe;j ,tuhy; vOjg;gl;l fhzp cWjpfs; gy ,d;Wk; gyuplk; cs;sjhf mwpa KbfpwJ. fz;b khefu rig ePjpkd;wj;jpy; ePjpgjpahfTk; flikahw;wpa ,tu;> rpwpJ fhyk; khefu rig cWg;gpduhfTk; gzpGupe;Js;shu;.

jdJ njhopy; kw;Wk; tUkhd top Kiwfs; %yk; tho;f;ifr; Rf Nghfq;fis Rfpj;jhy; kl;Lk; NghJk; vd;w Raey Nehf;F nfhz;ltuhf rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; thotpy;iy. K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; KOik ngw Mf Ntz;bait gw;wp rpe;ijapy; jpisj;jpUe;j mtUf;F fy;tp Nkk;ghL xd;Wjhd; ,jw;F xNu top vDk; Qhdk; gpwe;jJ.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; fy;tpia Kd;dpUj;jp rKjhaj;ij Nkk;glr;nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfspy; jPtpukhf mtu; <Lgl;lhu;. fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jt j;ij kf;fs; kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpf;f mUk;ghLgl;lhu;. K];ypk;fs; fy;tpapy; Kd;Ndw Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;j xU gj;jpupif Njit vDk; nfhs;ifapy; Cwpa mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; kpFe;j gpuahirfSf;F kj;jpapy; ‘K];ypk; Nerd;’ vDk; ngaupy; gj;jpupif xd;wpid ntspapl;lhu;.

‘K];ypk; Nerid ‘ ntspapl;ljd; %yk; Kjy; K];ypk; gj;jpupifahsu; vd;w ngUikf;Fg; ghj;jpukhd ,tu; ‘mrd;Ng rupj;jpuk;’ vDk; E}iy ntspf;nfhzu;e;jjd; %yk; <oj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo; ehtyhrpupau; vd;w ngUikiaAk; mile;jhu;.

K];ypk; gj;jpupifj; Jiw Kd;Ndhbahd vk;. rp. rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; gjpide;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;. K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; fy;tpf;F capu; nfhLj;J vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g ,w;iwf;F 130 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj cioj;j ngUkfd; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fspd; gzpfis rKjhak; xU NghJk; kwf;f khl;lhJ.

mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fspd; rkfhy rfhf;fshd vfpg;J ehl;bypUe;J ehL flj;jg;gl;L fz;bapy; tho;e;j xwhgp gh\h mtu;fSk; thg;gpr;rp kupf;fhu; mtu;fSk; cldpUe;J mtupd; r%fg; gzpfSf;F cWJiz Gupe;jdu;.

K];ypk;fspd; gpur;rpidfis ,dk; fz;L topg;gLj;jpa rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fs; fy;tpNa midj;Jf;Fk; mbg;gil vd;gij czu;e;J nraypy; <Lgl;lhu;. ehl;bNy Vida rKjhaq;fs; fy;tpapNy mf;fiw nfhz;bUf;f K];ypk; rKjhak; kl;Lk; mjpNy Nfhl;iltpl;L Mu;tkw;W ,Ug;gijapl;L NtjidAw;W r%ff; fupridNahL gzpahw;wpdhu;.

mwpQu; mtu;fspd; tplh Kaw;rpAk;> mauhj ciog;Gk; fhuzkhf K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp khspifapd; KjyhtJ J}z; ‘kj;u]Jy; ifupah’ vDk; ehkj;NjhL cUg; ngw;wJ. ,jw;F Kjd; Kjyhf m`kj; xwhgp gh\h mtu;fs; E}W &ghit ed;nfhilahf toq;fp ,jd; tsu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lhu;.

nfhOk;G Gjpa Nrhdfj; njUtpNy cUthf;fg;gl;l ,g;ghlrhiyapd; jpwg;G tpohtd;W xd;wpize;J nray;gl;l K];ypk;fs; jkJ ePz;l fhyg;gpsTfis kwe;J tho;e;jdu;. fhyg; Nghf;fpy; kPs %z;l gpsT fhuzkhf fy;tpapNy rpwg;Gw Ntz;Lk; vd;W rpe;jpj;j rpj;jpnyg;igapd; ,yl;rpaf; fdTfs; fiye;jd. vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; vl;br; nrd;wd.

,yl;rpa GU\u; rpj;jpnyg;ig fyq;fpa cs;sj;NjhL kPz;Lk; fz;bia mile;jhu;. Mdhy; mtuJ Jzpr;ry; jsutpy;iy. md;dhu; ,yl;rpaq;fisf; iftpl Tkpy;iy. jdJ nghJg; gzpfis Mw;Wtjpy; Mu;tk; kpf;ftuhf tpsq;fpdhu;. fz;b K];ypk;fs; rpj;jpnyg;igapd; ,yl;rpaq;fs; kPs; kyu;r;rpngw jpahf G+u;tkhf MjuT ey;fpdu;. ,jd; gpujpgydhf fz;b - jpUNfhzkiy tPjpapy; Kjy; K];ypk; ngz;fs; ghlrhiy epWtg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; Mrpupiaahf rpj;jpnyg;igapd; jq;ifNa flikahw;wp te;jhu;. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J fz;b fl;Lfiy vDkplj;jpYk; fk;gis> cLEtu> nghy;f`nty Nghd;w ,lq;fspYk; kw;Wk; `l;ld;> FUehfiy> Nffhiy> gJis> Et nuypah Nghd;w ,lq;f spYk; fy;tpr; rhiyfis mikj;J gzpia Kd; ndLj;jhu;. md;W rpj;jp nyg;ig fz;l xU mU q;fdT md;dhuJ vz;zj; jpd; gpujpgypg;Gfspy; xd;Nw nfhOk;G ]h`pwh fy;Y}upAkhFk;.

fy;tpNahL kl;Lk; jdJ gzpfisf; fl;bg; Nghlhj mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fyhrhuj; JiwfspYk; rKjha cupikfisg; Ngzpl Kd;dpd;W ghLgl;lhu;. ntw;wpAk; fz;lhu;. vd;djhd; ngUik ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig mUk;gzpfspd; ngWkhdq;fs; md;dhu; kiwe;J xU E}w;whz;Lk; xU jrhg;jKk; fope;J tpl;Ls;s NghjpYk; $l kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. ,Ugj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;bd; fy;tpr; rpe;jidfs; gw;wpa Ma;Tfs; fz;lwpag;gl;L tUk; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig gw;wp> md;dhupd; fy;tpr; rpe;jidfisg; gw;wp ,d;iwa rKjhak; czu;tNjhL ehisa rKjhaj;jpd; mwpTf;Fk; vl;lr; nra;tjw;F Mtz uPjpapNyDk; Ngzpl Mtd nra;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig mtu;fspd; ,yl;rpag; gzpfs; fhg; ghw;wg;gl Ntz;ba mNj rkak; Mq;fpNya Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jp lkpUe;J ,];yhkpa jdpj;Jtq;fisg; Ngzpj; je;jpl;l md;dhupd; ngUikfisAk; gutplr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.