,yq;if murpaYk; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk;.

(rptypq;fk; rptFkhud;)

,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhifapy; 52 tPjkhNdhu; ngz;fshtu;. 1931 Mk; Mz;Nl thf;fspf;Fk; cupikia ,yq;if tho; ngz;fs; ngw;wdu; vdpDk; ,J tiuapy; mtu;fspd; murpay; gq;fspg;G NkhrkhfNt cs;sJ. ,yq;if ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ngz;fs; Mz;fs; 212 NgUk; ngz;fs; 13 NgUkhf nkhj;jk; 225 mq;fk; tfpf;fpd;wdu;. 1931 Mk; Mz;L ngz;fSf;F thf;fspf;Fk; cupikia toq;fpajd; %yk; Mrpah> Mgpupf;fh kw;Wk; ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;fhitr; Nru;e;j ehLfs; tupirapy; ,yq;if ,t;tplaj;jpy; Kjy; ehL vd;w ngUikiag;ngw;wJ. 1960 Mk; Mz;L rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f cyfpd; Kjy; ngz; gpujku; vd;w ngUikNahL gjtpNaw;whu;. 1994 Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapd; Kjy; ngz; [dhjpgjp vd;w ngUikia re;jpupfh FkhuJq;f ngw;whu;.

gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; gy Nju;jy;fis re;jpj;j ehL vd;w tifapy; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;J ,d;W tiu murpaypy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;G vd;gJ vl;lhf;fdpahfNt cs;sJ. [dhjpgjp Nju;jYf;F Kd;gjhf nfhOk;G ypg;ld; rJf;fj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w xU ngz;fs; xd;W$ly; epfo;tpy; ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspypUe;Jk; tUif je;jpUe;j Mapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs; ePjpahdJk; Rje;jpukhdJkhd Nju;jiy typAWj;jpaNjhL murpaypy; ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mjpfupf;Fk;gbAk; Nfhupf;iffis Kd;itj;jdu;.

gpujhd [dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; ,g;ngz;fs; vOj;J %ykhd jkJ Nfhupf;iffis rku;g;gpj;jpUe;jdu; vd;gJk; Kf;fpa mk;rk;. vdpDk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,J ve;j tpjj;jpy; rhj;jpag;glg;NghfpwJ vd;gJ Nfs;tpf;FwpNa. ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu murpaypy; ngz;fspd; gq;F vd;W ghu;f;Fk; NghJ cyfpd; Kjy; ngz; gpujku; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; Kjy; ngz; [dhjpgjp vd;w tiuaiwNahL mJ epd;W tpl;lij fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

ntt;NtW fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w ghuhSkd;w Nju;jy;fspy; xU rpy Nju;jy; njhFjpfisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp ngz;fs; rpyu; ghuhSkd;w gpuNtrk; nra;jhYk; ,yq;if murpaypy; Kj;jpiug;gjpj;j ngz; murpay;thjpfs; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; vtiuAk; mlf;f Kbahj epiyikNa cs;sJ. ,jw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;gJ Kf;fpa tplak;.

,yq;ifia tpl ngz;fs; tplaj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhd fyhrhu gpd;Gyj;ijf;nfhz;l Vida ehLfspy; murpaypy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;G vd;gJ mjpfkhf cs;sij mtjhdpf;ff;$bajhf cs;sJ. cjhuzkhf gq;fshNj\; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;j cWg;gpdu;fspy; 18.6 tPjkhNdhu; ngz;fshtu;. njd;fpof;fhrpa ehLfis tupirg;gLj;jpdhy; ,yq;if ghuhSkd;wNk kpff;Fiwthd tPjj;jpy; ngz;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ 225 cWg;gpdu;fspy; 13 Ngu; kl;LNk ngz;fs;.

Kjypy; cs;Shuhl;rp Nju;jy;fspy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig <L nra;Ak; toptiffis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. MdhYk; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu cs;Shuhl;rp mikg;Gfspy; (gpuNjr> efu> khefu rigfs;) ngz;fspd; cWg;Gupik 1.8 tPjkhfNt cs;sJ. khfhzrigfspy; 4.1 MfTk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 5.8 Mf cs;sJ.

,jd; fhuzkhfNt fhyhfhykhf ngz;fspd; murpay; gpuNtrk; Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; vJTk; ,q;F Vw;gltpy;iy. Ntl;ghsu; gl;baypy; 30 tPjk; ngz;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ xU rpy ngz;fs; rhu; mikg;Gfspd; Nfhupf;if. ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j Kiwapy; Nju;jy;fspy; ngz; Ntl;ghsu;fis fskpwf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l murpay; fl;rpfNsh njhopw;rq;fq;fNsh jkf;Fupa ngUk;ghd;ik ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk; vd;w kiwKf mr;rj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt njhopw; rq;fNkh murpay; fl;rpNah ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jtj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu ntWk; khtl;l jiytp> kfspu; mzpj;jiytp vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; kl;Lk; mtu;fis itj;Jf;nfhs;tjpy; jpUg;jp fhz;fpd;wd.

,J kiyaf murpaypy; kl;Lk; fhzg;gLk; xU rhgf;NflhFk;. ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;ijg;nghWj;jtiu ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;w tplaj;ij mtu;fs; ifahSk; Kiw gw;wp jkpo; ngz;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mjpfk; cs;sJ. ,d;W fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; $l gy murpay; fl;rpfSf;F ce;Jrf;jpahf ngz;fs; ,Ug;gij fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. murpaypy; ngz;fs; mq;fj;Jtj;ij mjpfupf;f njhFjp thupahf ngz;fspd; ,Ug;ig cWjp nra;Ak; Kiwapyhd mk;rq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpNdhNy NghJkhdJ. cjhuzkhf ,e;jpahtpy; khepyq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; cs;Shuhl;rp Nju;jy;fisf; $wyhk;.

,q;Fs;s njhFjpfspy; %d;wpy; xU gFjp njhFjpfs; ngz;fSf;fhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;. fl;lhakhf ngz;fNs ,j;njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Kiw fhuzkhf fpuhkg;Gwq;fspypUe;J ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs; cs;Shuhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;Fj; njupT nra;ag;gLtNjhL murhq;fj;jpy; mq;fk; tfpf;Fk; Muk;gfl;l tha;g;gpid cWjp nra;fpd;wdu;. ,jD}lhf jkJ murpay; gazj;ij Muk;gpf;fpd;wdu;.

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 52 tPjkhNdhu; ngz;fs;> mNj Ntis thf;fspf;Fk; cupikiag; ngw;wpUg;gtu;fspYk; 56 tPjkhNdhu; ngz;fNs. ,ij itj;Jg;ghu;f;Fk; NghJ vkJ ehL murpaypy; ve;jstpw;F ngz;fis cs;sPu;j;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij nrhy;ypg;Gupaitf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. NkYk; jw;NghJs;s murpay; nraw;ghLfis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L gy gbj;j ngz;fs; murpaypy; <Lglhky; xJq;fpg;Nghfpd;wdu; vdyhk;. td;Kiw murpay; jiyJ}f;fpAs;s ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ngz;fs; vq;qdk; murpaypy; <Lgl mf;fiw fhl;Ltu;?

vdpDk; ghuhSkd;w murpay; tiu cldbahf nry;y Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. Kjypy; cs;Shuhl;rp kd;wq;fspy; ngz;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; toptiffs; Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj gyupdJk; mth. ,J Fwpj;j mOj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s ngz;fs; jhd; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk; Kd;tUtPu;fsh rNfhjupfNs?