rha;e;jkUJ jdpg; gpuNjr rig Nfhupf;ifapd; mtrpaKk; epahaKk;

(E}Wy;`f;> rha;e;jkUJ - 5)

mk;ghiw epu;thf khtl;lj;jpd; fy;Kid Nju;jy; njhFjpapy; jdp K];ypk; kf;fis kl;Lk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Xu; Cu;jhd; rha;e;jkUjhFk;. ,J njd;fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; ePz;lfhy tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;l xU gok;ngUk; gpuNjrkhFk;. mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpd; fiuNahug; gpuNjrj;jpy; kUjk;> nea;jy; Mfpa epyj; jpl;biaf; nfhz;ljhf rha;e;jkUJ mike;jpUg;gJ ,t;T+upd; tsj;jpid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

fle;j 2008k; Mz;bd; fzf; nfLg;gpd; gpufhuk; 7118 FLk; gq;fSk;> 26> 872 kf;fs; rdj; njhifAk; 16> 936 thf;fhsu;fSk; ,q;F tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. kw;Wk; gjpNdO fpuhk Nrtfg; gpupTfis cs;slf;fpa xU gpuNjr nrayfj;ijAk; nfhz;l xU njhd;ikahd gpuNjrkhfTk; rha;e;jkUJ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ehd;F ,iwNerr; nry;tu;fspd; mlf;f];jyq;fis jhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t; Cupy; xU [_k;Mg; gs;spthry; cl;gl gjpide;J gs;spthry;fs;> xU `pg;S kj;u]h> xU muGf; fy;Y}up> xU Njrpa (]h`puh) ghlrhiy cl;gl 8 ghlrhiyfs;> xU Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYtyfk;> kf;fs; tq;fp> fpuhkpa tq;fp> ,yq;if tq;fpf; fpis> jdpahd gyNehf;Ff; $l;LwTr; rq;fk; vd;gditfSk; ,q;Fs;sd.

xU jghy; epiyak;> 3 cg jghy; epiyaq;fs;> ,U khbfisf; nfhz;l re;ijf; fl;blq;fs;> ghupastpyhd tu;j;jf epiyaq;fs;> nghJ E}yfk;> njhopy; gapw;rp epiyaq;fs;> xU khtl;l itj;jparhiy> Rfhjhu itj;jpa mjpfhup mYtyfk; vd;gdtw;iwAk; ,t;T+u; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

rd r%f mikg;Gfs;> tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fs;> jd;dhu;t mikg;Gf;fs;> ,yf;fpa mikg;Gf;fs; Nghd;witfSk; cs;sd. kw;Wk; tpisahl;L ikjhdk;> kPd;gpbj; JiwKfk; vd;gd mikf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;T+upd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gsT 6.5 rJu fpNyh kPw;wuhFk;.

fle;j 1988 fspypUe;J rha;e;j kUJf;nfd jdpahd gpuNjr rig Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;if Kd;itf;fg;gl;Lf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjr kf;fspd; cs;Shu; murpay; milahsj;jpid gpujpgypg;gjpYk;> Cupd; Nkk;ghLfis Kd;dpWj;jp nraw;glj;jf;fJkhd ,f;Nfhupf;if fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; gy gpuKfu;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; r%f Mu;tyu;fs;> r%fNrit mikg;Gf;fs;> [{k;Mg; gs;spthry; epu;thf rig vd;Wk; gq;nfLj;Js;sd. rha;e;jkUJf;nfd;W gpuNjr rig mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W NfhUtJ xU Gjpa Ntz;LNfhs; my;y. ,ayNt ,q;fpUe;J te;j murpay; cupikapd; njhlu;e; Nju;r;rpahd Kd;itg;Ng ,JthFk;. Vnddpy; ‘futhFg;gw;Wf;F Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpy; fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfSf;F ,yf;fkplg;gl;lNghJ rha;e;jkUJf;F Nf.gp. 47 njhlf;fk; Nf. gp- 53 tiuahd VO Fwpr;rpfisAk;> 1928 ,y; cs;slf;fp ‘fiuthF njw;F fpuhkrig’ cUthf;fg;gl;L; 10 tl;lhuq;fshfTk; tFf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd.

ePz;lfhykhf rha;e;jkUJf;nfd;W jdpahd fiuthF njw;F fpuhkhl;rp kd;wk;’ ,aq;fp te;jJ. ,J ekJ ehl;by; 1987 ,y; nfhz;L tug;gl;l gpuNjr rigfs; rl;lj;jpd; gpd;Ng fy;KidNahL ,izf;fg;gl;L fy;Kid gpuNjr rigapd; vy;iyf;Fs;shdJ. ,Ue;jhYk; rha;e;jkUJf;nfd;W xU jdpahd rig cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ epahaG+u;tkhd Nfhupf;if vd;gij ahUk; kWf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; ,Ue;j cupikia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nfhupf;ifNa ,J jtpu> Gjpjhf xU gFjpia gpupj;Jf;NfhUk; gpuptpid thjky;y.

fle;j 21.04.1999 Mk; jpfjp ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ‘gpuNjr rigfs; jpUj;j rl;l%y ciuapy; fye;J nfhz;L khngUk; jiytu; ku`{k; vk;. vr;. vk;. m\;u/g; ciuahw;Wk;NghJ> ‘rha;e;jkUJf;Fj; jdpahd gpuNjr rigia Vw;gLj;jpj; ju Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W Fuy; vOg;gpdhu;. mNj jpdk; ,r;rl;l%y tpthjj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;l ];uPyq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpurpd; ,d;iwa jiytu; uT+g; `f;fPk; ‘Mizf; FOtpd; Kd;G fy;Kidg; gpu Njrj;jpNy rha;e;jkUJf;nfd;W gpuj;jpNaf nrayfKk;> gpuNjr rig Ak; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,U gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kDf;fs; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd vd;w tpguj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;bapUe;jhu;.

ehlhSkd;wj;jpy;> njhlu;Gr; rhjdq;fs; %yk; rha;e;jkUJf;Fj; jdpahd gpuNjr rig Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ntF[dg;gLj;Jtjd; Clhfkl;Lk; eilKiwf;F ,J te;JtplhJ. ,J njhlu;ghd cupa mikr;rUld; kpfTk; neUq;fp ,j; Njitapd; mj;jpahtrpaj;ij czu;j;Jjy;> [dhjpgjpapd; tpUg;ig ,J tplaj;jpy; ngWjy; vDk; mk;rj;ij ekJ murpay; gpujpepjpfs; ,ja Rj;jpAld; Kd;ndLf;Fk; NghJjhd; ekJ ,e;jf; Nfhupf;if tYg;ngw;W rhj;jpakhFk; epiyiag; ngWk;.

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; ekJ rha;e;jkUJ nkhj;j rdj;njhifia tpl Fiwe;j gy gpuNjrq;fSf;F gpuNjr rig toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. yFfiy gpuNjr rigapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif 9015 MFk;. ,q;F nkhj;j thf;fhsu;fs; 5772 MFk;. 19041 nkhj;j rdj;njhifiaAk; 11642 thf;fhsu;fisAk; nfhz;l fhiujPT> 21362 rdj;njhifiaAk; 12648 thf;fhsu;fisAk; nfhz;l ehtpjd;ntsp Nghd;w gpuNjrq; fSf;Ff; $l gpuNjr rig toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mJ kl;Lkd;wp 17965 kf;fs; njhif iaAk; 13389 thf;fhsu;fisAk; nfhz;l mk;ghiwf;Ff; $l efurig me;j];J toq;fg; gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;epiyapy; ekJ rha;e;jkUJ gpuNjrj;jpw;nfd;W jdpahd gpuNjr rig toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;if ntWk; Nfh\k; my;y. mJ capNuhl;lk; epiwe;j xd;nwd;gij vy;NyhUk; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. tPk;Gf;fhf ,J nghUj;jkw;w Nfhupf;if vd nfhb gpbg;Nghu; cs; Nehf;fk; nfhz;ltu;fs; jtpu Ntwpy;iy.

ekJ rha;e;jkUJ gpuNjrk; jw;NghJ fy;Kid khefu rigapd; Ms;Gy vy;iyf;Fs; ,Ug;gjpdhy; mjpypUe;J gpupj;njLj;J jdpg; gpuNjr rigapid epWTtjpy; rl;lg; gpur;rpid ,Ug;gjhfr; rpy murpay;thjpfs; cl;gl $wptUfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fsJ $w;Wf;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; rl;l Vw;ghL 1987 Mk; Mz;bd; 15 Mk; ,yf;f gpuNjr :(@8{ rl;lkhFk;. ,jpy; ‘gpuNjr rigia mikj;jy;’ vd;gjpy; 2(1) gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

2(1): “kf;fs;> cs;Shuhl;rp kw; Wk; mgptpUj;jpg; gzpfspy; gaD Wk; tifapy; gq;Fgw;Wtjid ,ayr; nra;Ak; fUj;Jld;> mik r;ru;> fnrl;by; ntspaplg;gLk; fl;lis %yk;> ,r;rl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf VNjDk; ,lg;gpur;rpidg; gpuNjr rig ,lg;gug;G xd;whf ntspg;gLj;j yhk;. vd;gJld; mt;thW ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,lg;gug;gpd; epUthf vy;iyfis tiuaWj;jYk; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ntspg;gLj; jg;gLk; gpuNjr rig xt; nthd;wpdJk; epUthf vy;iy fshdit> ,aYkhdtiuapy;> cjtp murhq;f mjpgu; gpuptpd; (,g;NghJ gpuNjr nrayfk;) vy;iyfSf;Fs; mlq;Fgitahd khefu rigg; gpuNjrj;jpy; my;yJ efu rigfs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; nghUSf;Fl;gl xU gl;bdj;jpy; mlq;fpapUg;gjhd vitNaDk; ,lg;gug;Gf;fs; ePq;fyhf cjtp murhq;f mjpgu; gpupnthd;wpd; vy;iyfSf;F Nenuhj;jdthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mikr;ruhdtu;> mNj fl;lis %yk; my;yJ gpd;duhd fl;lis xd;wpd; %yk; mj;jifa gpuNjr rig ,lg; gug;Gf;F gpuNjr rig xd;wpid mikf;fyhk; vd;gJld; mj;jifa rigf;Fg; ngau; xd;wpidAk; Fwpj;njhJf;fyhk;.

,r;rl;lkhdJ nghJthf xU gpuNjr rigap¨id cUthf;Ftjw; fhdJ gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wJ. jtpu khefu rigapd; Ms;Gy vy;iyf;Fs; cs;s gFjpfis gpupj;njLj;J Gjpjhf cs;Shuhl;rp kd;wq;fis cUthf;FtJ gw;wp my;y. ,J njhlu;gpy; khefu rigfs; rl;lj;jpy;jhd; ,jw;fhd rl;l Vw;ghl;il Njl Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; KiwahdJk; $l> mg;gbj; NjLk;NghJ gpd;tUk; KbTfis ngwf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; ehd;fhtJ ,lk;ngWk; tpjp rha;e;jkUJ gpuNr rigia epWTtjw;F Kw;W KOjhd rhjfj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

cs;Shuhl;rp mikr;ru; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; fPo; fhZk; Nehf; fq;fSf;fhf xU fl;lisia gpwg;gpj;J mjid tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;f KbAk;.

a) xU khefu rigapd; vy;iyfis khw;Wjy; my;yJ xU khefu rigapy; cs;s tl;lhuj;jpd; vy;iyfis khw;Wjy;. b)xU khefu rigapd; mq;fj;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;iffis khw;Wjy;.

b) GjpanjhU khefu rigia cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; xU khefu rigiaf; fiyj;jy; kw;Wk; eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; khefu rigiaj; jpUj;Jtjd; %yk; GjpanjhU khefu rigia cUthf;Fjy;.

c) NtW xU tpjkhd cs;Shuhl;rp mikg;gpid mt;tplj;jpy; mikj;jy;.

,J 1947Mk; Mz;bd; khefu rigr; rl;lk; 29,y; 284 Mk; ruj;jpw;fhd 1977 Mk; Mz;bd; 24 tJ rllj; jpUj;jj;jpy; fhzg; gLfpd;wJ.

rha;e;jkUjpw;nfd jdpahd gpuNjr rigapid epWTtjpy; ve;jtpjkhd rl;l rpf;fy;fSk; ,y;iy.

rha;e;jkUJ gpuNjr nrayf Ms;Gy vy;iyia fy;Kid khefu rigapd; Ms;Gy vy;iyapypUe;J gpupj;njLg;gjw;F ,yFthfNt mjd; vy;iyfs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp rha;e;jkUJf;F jdpahd gpuNjr rigiaf; NfhUtJ vd;gJ ekJ Cupd; mbg;gil cupikahFk;. gpuNjr rig xd;wpidg; ngWtjd; Clhf ek;ik mz;kpj;Js;s ve;j gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk;> mk;kf;fSf;Fk; CW tpistpf;ftpy;iy vd;gijAk; njspthf ehk; czu;e;J nfhs; tNjhL mLj;jtu;fSf;Fk; njspTgLj;jyhk;.

Kd;du; ,Ue;j fy;Kidg; gl;bd rig vy;iyapDs; ,d;W thOk; K];ypk; kf;fspd; rdj;njhif 26706 NgUk; 14234 thf;fhsu;fSk; cs;sdu;. mNjNeuk; ,e;j vy;iyapDs; jkpo; kf;fs; 10529 NgUk; 6190 thf;fhsu;fSNk cs;sdu;. ,g;Nghija fy;Kid khefu rig vy;iyapDs; nkhj;j jkpou;fspd; rdj;njhif 33135 NgUk; 19430 thf;fhsu;fSNk tho;fpd;wdu;.

rha;e;jkUJ jtpu;e;j Vida K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fspd; nkhj;jkhf K];ypk; rdj;njhif 47411 NgUk; 25892 thf;fhsu;fSk; ,Ug;Gf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. rha;e;jkUJ jdpahfg; gpupe;Jnfhs;tjpdhy; fy;Kid khefu rig murpay; mjpfhuk; K];ypk;fsplk; ,Ue;J gwpNgha;tpLk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpjkhd cz;ikfSkpy;iy. wCg; `f;fPk; Kd;du; ekJ jdpg;gpuNjr rig Nfhupf;ifia Mjupj;Jf;nfhz;lhYk; mtu; ];uP yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; jiytuhdjw;Fg; gpd;du; ,jw;F khwhfNt nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. ,jid mtuJ gpe;jpafhy gy eltbf;iffs; ekf;F fhz;gpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

rha;e;jkUJ gpuNjr rigf; Nfhupf;if epahakhdJ vd Kd;du; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ciuj;j wCg; `f;fPk; ,J tplaj;jpy; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy. mtu; epidj;jpUe;jhy; mtu; fl;rp rhu;e;j mikr;ru; gi)u; NrFjhT+j; Clhf ,jid rhj;jpag;gLj;jp je;jpUf;f KbAk;. ,jidj; jtpu;j;jpUg;gNj ,f;Nfhupf;ifapy; mtUf;Fs;s gpd;thq;fiy Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;l NghJkhdJ. mz;ika [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; gpurhuj;jpd;NghJ $l rha;e;jkUJ jdpg; gpuNjr rigf; Nfhu;f;ifia ieahz;b nra; jpUe;jhu;.

mJkl;Lkd;wp rha;e;jkUJf;nfhU jdpahd gpuNjr rig Ntz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fj;ij G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; ty;yik- mjpfhuk; ahuplk; ,Uf;fpd;wnjd;gJk; ,t;tplaj;jpy; Kf;fpag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jidr; rhj;jpag;gLj;jpj; jUk; ty;y ikAila cs;Shuhl;rp mikr;rupd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;j jdpahd gpuNjr rig cupikia ngWtJk; ngwhky; tpLtJk; ,t;T+u; kf;fspd; fuq;fspy; jq;fpapUg;gij kwf;fhjtiu ntw;wp ekNj.

(,f;fl;Liuapy; ifahsg;gl;bUf;Fk; midj;Jg; Gs;sptpguq;fSk; 2008f;FupajhFk;.)