etk;gu; Gul;rpapd; gbg;gpidfs; ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUe;jf;$baNj!

(RFkhy;nrd;)

u\;ahtpy; 1917 mf;Nlhgu; 17 md;W eilngw;w etk;gu; Nrhryp];l; Gul;rp> (u\;ahtpd; gioa fhyz;lu;gb mf;Nlhgu; 17 md;Wk;> Gjpa fhyz;lu;gb etk;gu; 7 md;Wk; eilngw;wJ) cyiff; FYf;fpa Kf;fpakhdnjhU epfo;T kl;Lky;y> mjd; gbg;gpidfs; ,d;iwa cyf epiyikfSf;Fk; rupahfg; nghUe;jf; $baNjahFk;.

,d;iwa cyf Kjyhspj;Jtk; Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj mstpw;F neUf;fbr; Nrw;wpy; rpf;fp> ngUkstpy; ke;j epiyikf;Fr; nrd;W nrg;lk;gu; 15 cld; Xuhz;L fhykhfptpl;lJ. njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpd; kPJk; kw;Wk; Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfspy; thOk; Vio kf;fs; kPJk; ve;j mstpw;F mJ ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J ,d;dKk; KOikahf ntspf;nfhzug;gltpy;iy. ,g;NghJ Vw;gl;bUf;fpw cyf Kjyhspj;Jt neUf;fbahdJ etk;gu; Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij cyFf;F kPz;Lk; eil Kiwapy; nka;g;gpj;Jf; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ.

Vfhjpgj;jpakhdJ ,d;iwajpdk; vt;tpj $r;rehr;rKkpd;wp jd; Aj;j K];jPGfis $u;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L cyfpd; midj;Jg; gFjpfisANk jd; Nkyhjpf;f eltbf;iffshy; mr;RWj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. yhgk; xd;iwNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L> kf;fs; eyd; Fwpj;Jf; fpQ;rpw;Wk; ftiyg;glhJ> jd;Dila etPd jhuhskag; nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; %ykhf cyfr; re;ijapy; kpfTk; <tpuf;fkw;w Kiwapy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mjd; %yk; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fk; kw;Wk; rhkhdpa kf;fspd; kPjhd Ruz;lYk; Mokhfp apUf;fpwJ.

1917,y; u\;ahjhd; Kjyhspj;Jt rq;fpypj; njhFg;gpypUe;j kpf gytPdkhd fz;zpia cilj;Jj; J}shf;fp> jq;fSila ehl;by; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpd; jiyikapy; Ml;rpia epWtpaJ. u\;ag; Gul;rpapd; kpf Kf;fpa mk;rk; vd;dntdpy;> mJ Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; Ruz;ly; Ml;rp Kiwf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itj;jJ vd;gNjahFk;.

Nrhtpaj; Nrhryprf; FbauR 1991,y; KbTf;F te;jJ vd;why; mjw;Ff; fhuzk; mq;F Ml;rpapypUe;jtu;fs; khu;f;rprj;jpd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfisf; if tpl;L tpyfpr; nrd;wNjahFk;. cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s khu;f;rp];l;Lfs; mjw;fhd fhuzq;fis Muha;tjpy; <Lgl;lhu;fs;

khu;f;rpd; Gul;rpj; jj;Jtk;

Gul;rpfu khw;wq;fs; vg;gb Vw;gLfpd;wd? khu;f;rpd; $w;Wg;gb> xU tu;f;f rKjhaj;jpw;Fs; tsu;e;jpLk; Kuz;ghL vd;gJ tsu;fpd;w cw;gj;jpr; rf;jpfSf;Fk; Vw;fdNtAs;s nrhj;Jila tbtq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhdjhf ,Ue;jpLk;. ,JNt Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;igg; gytPdg;gLj;jp> Gul;rpfu khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;LtUk; Kf;fpa $whFk;. mJ Guhjdg; nghJTilik rKjhakhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup my;yJ Mz;il - mbik rKjhakhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup> my;yJ epyg;gpuGj;Jt mikg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; rup my;yJ Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; rup ,t;thWjhd; kdpjFy tuyhw;iw Ma;T nra;J te;jpUf;fpNwhk;. Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; fPohd ,e;j Kf;fpa Kuz;ghl;il> ‘‘mjPj cw;gj;jpapdhy; cUthFk; nfhs;is Neha;’’ %yk; ed;F czu KbAk;.

khu;f;]; Muk;gj;jpy; Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpw;F vjpuhd Gul;rpfs; gpupl;ld;> gpuhd;];> n[u;kdp Nghd;w ed;F Kd;Ndwpa Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfspy;jhd; Vw;gLk; vd;W epidj;jpUe;jhu;. Mdhy; mtu; jd; tho;ehspd; gpw;gFjpapNyNa> kpfTk; tsu;r;rpFd;wpa u\;ah Nghd;w Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfspy; $l Gul;rp ntbf;Fk; vd;gijf; fz;lhu;. ,jd; %yk; tsu;r;rpFd;wpa my;yJ ‘‘gpw;gl;l’’ ehLfspy; $l Kjyhspj;Jt rq;fpypapd; gytPdkhd fz;zpia cilj;njwptjd; %yk; Gul;rp rhj;jpak; vd;fpw rpe;jidNahl;lk; Njhd;wp tsu;e;jJ.

khNkij nydpdpd; $u;kjpahy; mtuJ jiyikapd; fPohd Nghy;\;tpf; fl;rpahdJ ‘‘gytPdkhd fz;zpia’’f; fz;lwpe;J cilj;J Rf;FE}whf;fp> Kjyhspj;Jt uPjpahf xU gpw;gl;l u\;ahtpy; Gul;rpia ntw;wpfukhdjhf cUthf;fpaJ.

khu;f;]; Kjyhspj;Jt r%fj;jpd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;Ffis ed;F Ma;e;J> Gul;rp Fwpj;j rpe;jidfis cUthf;fpdhu;. tho;tjw;fhd Nghuhl;lk; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifNahL ,Ue;j gpizg;G Mfpatw;wpd; tpisthf> kdpjd; rpy fUtpfis> cgfuzq;fis> ciog;ig mspg;gjpYk; gy; NtW tbtq;fis tsu;j;jpl;lhd;. khu;f;]; ,tw;iw cw;gj;jpr; rf;jpfs; vd;W tptupj;jhu;. gpd;du;> mtu; cw;gj;jp cwTfs; Fwpj;J tptupj;jhu;.

khu;f;];> fk;A+dp];l; mwpf;ifapYk;> %yjdj;jpYk; njhlu;e;J Vw;gLk; Kjyhspj;Jt neUf;fbfs; mtw;iw NkYk; cf;fpukhdjhf khw;Wk; vd;W fUjpdhu;. “mjPj cw;gj;jp vd;Dk; nfhs;isNehia’’ xopj;Jf;fl;l Ntz;Lkhdhy;> Kjyhspj;Jt nrhj;Jilik cwTfSf;F vjpuhf> r%ff; Fzj;Jldhd cw;gj;jpia Nkw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> cw;gj;jpr; rhjdq;fs; r%fj;jpw;F cilikahf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nfhupdhu;.

nghUshjhu neUf;fbfs; ,e;j Nkhjiy ntspg;gilahff; nfhz;L te;J tpl;ld. khu;f;rpd; $w;wpd;gb> ‘‘cz;ikahd vy;yh neUf;fbfSf;Fk; Kbthd fhuzk; kdpj r%fj;jpd; Vo;ikNaahFk;. mjd; Xnuy;iyf;Fs; fl;Lg;gl;Ls;s Fiwe;j Efu;T Mw;wNy. kf;fsJ tWikf;Fk; mtu;jk; Fiwe;j Efu;thw;w Yf;Fk; vjpuhf> r%fj;jpy; vy;iyaw;w cau;e;j epiy msTf;F Efu;T Mw;wy; cs;sJ vd;W vz;zpf;nfhz;L> cw;gj;jpr; rf;jpfisg; ngUf;Ftjpy; Kjyhspj;Jt cw;gj;jp ce;jg;gLfpd;wJ.’’

%yjdj;jpd; kw;nwhU gFjpiaAk; ehk; Muha;Nthk;. ‘‘%yjdj;jpd; VfNghfk;> mjNdhL Nru;e;Jk; mjd; MSifapYk; gpwe;J tsu;e;j nghUSw;gj;jp Kiwf;Fg; G+l;ba tpyq;fhfp tpLfpwJ. Kbtpy;> cw;gj;jpr; rhjdq;fspd; ikag;ghLk; ciog;gpd; r%fkakhjYk; tsu;e;J nry;ifapy;> mtw;wpd; Kjyhspj;Jt NkNyhL mtw;Wf;F xt;thjjhfptpLk; epiy tUfpwJ. MfNt> me;j NkNyhL cilj; njwpag;gLfpwJ. Kjyhspj;Jtj; jdpAilikapd; rhT kzp xypf;fpwJ. cilik gwpg;Nghupd; cilik gwpf;fg;gLfpwJ.’’

MapDk; Nrhryprj;jpw;F khwpr; nry;Yjy; vd;gJ jhdhfNt eilngw;WtplhJ. njhopyhsu; tu;f;fg; Gul;rpapd; %yk; mJ mky;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. Vnddpy; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fk;jhd; r%fj;jpd; ‘‘khngUk; cw;gj;jp rf;jp’’ahFk;. cw;gj;jp rf;jpfSf;Fk; cw;gj;jp cwTfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nkhjypy; kw;wtu;fis tpl mjpfkhd mstpy; mtjpg;gl;l gpupTkhFk;. vdNt cw;gj;jpr; rhjdq;fis r%fkag;gLj;Jjypy; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpw;Fj; jdp Mu;tk; cz;L.

r%f khw;wj;jpd; ,d;iwa gpujpepjpfs; ahu;?

khu;f;]; fhyj;jpy; ‘‘njhopyhsu;’’ vd;Nghu; mNefkhf njhopw;rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk; Copau;fisNa Fwpj;jJ. njhopw; rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk; njhopyhsu;fs; mNefkhf fuj;jhy; ciog;g tu;fshfNt ,Ue;jhu;fs;. Ruq;fq; fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW njhopy;ikaq; fspy; gzpahw;wpatu;fs;. Mdhy; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fk; vd;Dk; fUj; jhf;fj;jpw;Fs; epjpepWtdq;fs;> tzpf epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; muR ve;jpuj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; fUj;jhy; ciog; gtu;fSk; gbg;gbahf <u;f;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. Vd;> rkPgj;jpy; ,d;Nghnlf; kw;Wk; kpf etPd gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspy; gzpahw;Wk; Copau;fs; $l> jhq;fSk; njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpd; xU gFjpapdNu vd;gij czuj; jiyg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; eyd;fSf;F VNjDk; xUtifapy; Nrit nra;Ak; xt;nthUtUk;> jq;fs; gzpepiyikfs; kw;Wk; tho;epiyikfs; kpfTk; gupjhgfukhd Kiwapy; ,opepiyf;Fr; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gij czuj; jiyg;gl;L> njhopyhsu; tu;f;fg; gilapd; Nghuhspfshf khw Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ij czuj; njhlq;fpAs;sdu;.

xU fhyj;jpy; njhopw;rhiyfspy; Ntiy ghu;g;gtu;fis> ‘‘fhf;fpr; rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fs;’’ vd;Wk;> mYtyfq;fspy; Ntiy ghu;g;gtu;fis ‘‘nts;isr; rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fs;’’ vd;Wk; tpj;jpahrg; gLj;jpaij mwpNthk;. fhf;fpr;rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fistpl> nts;isr; rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fs; mjpfkhd mstpy; gzpg;ghJfhg;Gld; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W $l nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; ,J midj;Jk; fw;gdhthjNk. NkYk; nts;isr; rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fs; ‘‘kj;jpa tu;f;fkhf’’ cau;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;lJ. MapDk; ,d;Wk;$l cyfpy; ngUk; gFjp> fuj;jhy; ciof;Fk; fhf;fpr;rl;ilj; njhopyhsu;fNsahtu;. ,e;jpahtpYk; ,Jjhd; cz;ik epiy.

khu;f;]; jd; gilg;Gfis gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpathf;fpy; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. 1883,y; kuzk; mile;jhu;. mjd;gpd; vz;zpylq;fh khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fis khu;f;]; fw;gid$l nra;J ghu;j;jpUf;f KbahJ. ,e;E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; Kjyhspj;Jtk; jd;idg; Gduikj;Jf; nfhz;L> tsu;e;jJ. MapDk; ,d;iwa jpdk; cyf Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpw;F Vw;gl;Ls;s neUf;fb> Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj mstpw;F mjpfkhdjhFk;.

tu;f;fg;Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

murhq;f ve;jpuk; mjpfkhd mstpy; mjpfhutu;f;fj;jpd; MNyhridapd;gb elg;gjhy;> mJ ngUk;ghYk; %yjdj;jpd; eyd;fSf;Nf - Kjyhspfspd; eyd;fSf;Nf - Nrtfk; nra;fpwJ. khu;f;]; Gul;rp Fwpj;J $wpa fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $baNj. MapDk;> ‘‘xU ngupa ce;Jjy;> midj;ijAk; kw;Wk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; rupnra;JtpLk;” vd;w nrhw; nwhliu mg;gbNa vLj;Jf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. khu;f;irg; nghWj;jtiu Gul;rp vd;fpwNghJ mtu; vg;NghJk; “r%fg; Gul;rpiaNa” nghUs; nfhz;lhu;. xU “ngupa ce;JjY”f;fhf xUrpyupd; jiyfisf; nfha;JtJ vspJjhd;. mijj;jhd; ,e;jpahtpy; khNthap];l;Lfs; “Gul;rp” vd;w ngaupy; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. Mdhy; epr;rakhf khu;f;]; nghUs;nfhz;lJ ,ijay;y.

,JNghd;w fhupaq;fs; fle;j fhyj;jpy; gad; mspf;ftpy;iy> vjpu;fhyj;jpYk; gadspf;f KbahJ vd;gij ehk; ek; frg;ghd mDgtq;fspypUe;J mwpe;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. Gul;rpfu rpj;jhe;jk; vd;gJ Kd;gpUe;jJ NghyNt ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $baNj. Gul;rp vd;gJ xd;iw mopg;gJ vd;gJ kl;Lky;y> me;j ,lj;jpy; kw;nwhd;iw cUthf;FtJ vd; gJkhFk;. mopj;jy; vt;tsT Kf;fpaNkh mNj msTf;F cUthf;fk; vd;gJk; Kf; fpak;. khu;f;]; xUKiw> “Gul;rpfukhd rpe;jid” vd;gJ ‘‘tp\aq;fis mjd; %yj;jpypUe;Nj fpufpj;Jf;nfhs;tJ’’ vd;whu;. khu;f;rpd; ,f;$w;W ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $baNjahFk;. r%fg; Gul;rp Fwpj;j khu;f;rpa rpe;jid> ,e;jpahtpy; eilngWk; Gul;rpfug; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;jf;$baNjahFk;. ,jpypUe;J gpwo;e;J nry;tnjd;gJ Gul;rpfu eilKiwf;F nrhy;nyhz;zh jPq;fpid Vw;gLj;Jk;.

1991 ,y; Nrhtpaj; A+dpadpy; Vw;gl;l gpd;dilT> cyff; fk;A+dp];l; ,af;fj;jpw;F mjpu;r;rpia mspj;jJ vd;gJk;> me;j ghjpg;gpypUe;J cyfpy; gy ehLfspy; cs;s fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpfs; ,d;Dk; KOikahf kPz;L votpy;iy vd;gJk; cz;ik. ,tw;wpy; rpy fl;rpfs; tu;f;fg; Nghuhl;lk; vd;Dk; fUj;Njhl;lj;ijf; iftpl;L> “njspTngw;w Kjyhspj;Jtk;” my;yJ “kdpjKfj;Jld; $ba cyf kak;” vd;gjpy; ek;gpf;ifnfhz;L> r%f [dehafthjf; fl;rpfshf khwpapUf;fpd;wd. cz;ikapy;> ,j;jifa Nghf;Ffs; midj;Jk; Gul;rpfu tsu;r;rpg;Nghf;FfSf;Fj; jPq;F tpistpg;gitfs; vd;gjpYk;> ,Wjpahf ,it %yjdj;jpd; eyd;fSf;Nf Nrit nra;jpLk; vd;gjpYk; vt;tpj Iakpy;iy. ,t;thW> ,d;iwf;Fk; midj;J ehLfspYk; r%fg; Gul;rpiaAk; Gul;rpfug; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y etk;gu; Gul;rpapd; gbg;gpidfs; topfhl;Lk; xsptpsf;fhfj; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

jkpopy;: r.tPukzp