mUfptUk; ghtidg; nghUl;fs;

tpQ;Qhdk; GJikf;F mt;tg;NghJ fl;btpLk; guptl;lq;fs; vJTNk epue;jukpy;iy. New;iwa GJikf; fz;Lgpbg;G ,d;iwa ,d;ndhU mw;Gjf; fz;Lgpbg;gpy; jd;id ,lk; njupahky; kiwj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. xU fhyj;jpy; ek;khy; jtpu;f;f Kbahj nghUs;fshf ,Ue;jit> ,d;W vq;fpUf;fpwJ vd;W $l njupahky; cyfpypUe;J Vd; ek; epidtpypUe;J $l mope;Jtpl;ld. ek;Kila me;jf;fhy tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshfj; jpfo;e;jit xt;nthd;Wk; fhy khw;wj;jhy;> mwptpaypd; mRu tsu;r;rpahy; ,Ue;j jlk; njupahky; Ngha;tpl;ld. mjpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ jrhtjhukhfpa gj;J tp\aq;fs;.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpw;F Kd;du; njhiytpy; cs;s cwtpdu;fsplNkh my;yJ ez;gu;fsplNkh NgrNtz;Lk; vd;why; ‘l;uq;f; Nfhy;’ trjp kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. mjpy; gjpT nra;J tpl;L fhj;jpUe;jhy; gy kzp Neuk; fopj;J ,izg;G jug;gLk;. ,izg;G fpilf;Fk; me;j Neuj;jpy; ehk; njhlu;Gnfhs;s Ntz;batu; mq;F ,y;iynad;why; epiyik rpf;fy;jhd;. xUNtis mtu; mq;F ,Ue;jhYk; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk; kl;LNk Ngr KbAk;. ePz;lNeuk; Ngr Ntz;Lnkd;why; kWgbAk; gjpT nra;Jtpl;L fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ,Ue;j ,lj;jpypUe;Nj vg;NghJk; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl Ngryhk;.

xt;nthU Nritf;Fk; jdpjdp nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpa epiy khwp> ,d;lu;nel;> rpdpkh> b.tp. tzpfk;> nghOJNghf;F> bf;nfl; Gf;fpq;> fpupf;nfl; cs;spl;l midj;J trjpfisAk; ‘nry;Nghd;’ vd;w xU nghUspd; %yNk ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbfpwJ. ,e;j epiyapy; xUfhyj;jpy; jtpu;f;f Kbahj> md;iwa mwptpaypd; njhlf;fkhf ,Ue;j nghUl;fis epidTg;gLj;jpg; ghu;g;gJ mtrpak;. me;j tifapy; kf;fshy; mjpfk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l rhjdq;fis fPNo fhzyhk;.

fbjk;

rq;f fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj fbjk; vOJk; tof;fk; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ. Gwh> fpsp Nghd;w gwitfshYk;> J}Jtu;fshYk; tsu;f;fg;gl;l fbjf;fiy> ehsiltpy; ‘mQ;ry; epiyak;’ vd;w mikg;igj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. fle;j 10 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Gtiu jghy;fhuu; vd;gtu; Cupy; Kf;fpa kdpjuhff; fUjg;gl;lhu;. Cupy; cs;s xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpd; re;Njh\Kk;> Jf;fKk; mtUf;F mj;Jg;gb> vOjg;gbf;fj; njupahj kf;fs; jq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fspy; xUtuhfNt mtiuf; fUjpdu;. mtupd; irf;fps; kzpNahirf;fhf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; me;j jUzq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jtpg;Gk;> glglg;Gk; nrhy;yp khshjit.

vg;NghJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; vLj;Jg; gbf;Fk; trjp fbjj;jpy; kl;LNk cz;L. fhjyNdh> fhjypNah jdf;F vOjpa fbjj;ij ahUf;Fk; njupahky; xspj;J itj;J gbj;J gbj;J kfpo;e;j ‘nghf;fp\khd’ jUzq;fs; ,g;NghJ tha;g;gjpy;iy. ,d;W fbjk; vOJtJ vd;gJ kpf mupjhd xd;whfNt ,Uf;fpwJ.

myhuk;

mjpfhiyapy; $tp vOg;Gk; Nrty; Nghy> ek;ik rupahd Neuj;jpw;F vOg;gpaJ myhuk;. ehk; vOe;jpUf;Fk; Neuj;ij nrl; nra;J itj;jhy; me;j Neuj;jpw;F rj;jk; Nghl;L ek;ik vOg;gpaJ. ekf;fhff; fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntiyfis epidTgLj;jp> cwf;fj;jpypUe;J ek;ik tpLtpj;jJ. khztu;fs;> Ntiyf;F nry;gtu;fs;> ,y;yj;jurpfs; vd gyUf;Fk; tug;gpurhjkha; mike;j ,ij jw;NghJ fhz Kbtjpy;iy.

md;nldh

me;jf; fhyj;jpy; b.tp. cs;s tPLfspy; khbapNyh my;yJ $iu apNyh Fr;rpfs; Nghy; ePl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; md;nldhit mt;tsT rPf;fpuk; ahuhYk; kwe;Jtpl ,ayhJ. mg;NghJ xspgug;ghfpa uhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w njhlu;fisAk;> fpupf;nfl; epfo;r;rp fisAk; fhz;gjw;F ,e;j Md; nldhf;fNs miytupirfis ngw;Wj; je;jJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; gw itfs; mku;tjw;Fk;> Jzp fhag; NghlTk; gad;gl;l Md;nldhf;fs;> jw;NghJ fk;gp kw;Wk; nraw;iff;Nfhs; topahff; fpilf;Fk; miytupirf shy; kiwe;J Ngha;tpl;ld.

laypq; Nghd;

Nghdpy; cs;s ek;gu;fs; tl;l tbtpy; mike;jpUf;Fk;. xt;nthU ek;gupd; NkNyAk; xU Jis ,Uf;Fk;. ahUf;fhtJ Nghd; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;why; xt;nthU JisapYk; tpuiy itj;J xU uT z;L Rw;w Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ,iz g;G fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;why; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp tpuy;fs; rpte;J Ngha;tpLk;. jw;NghJ tpuyhy; Nyrhf mOj;jp Nfhy; nra;Ak; etPd Nghd;fs; te;Jtpl;ld.

Ng[u;

nry;Nghdpy; v];. vk;. v];. mDg;Gtijg; Nghd;wJ. Ng[u; ,izg;Gg; ngw;wTld; ekf;nfd;W jdpahf ek;gu; jug;gLk;. me;j ek;giu ,ijg;Nghy; Ng[u; ,izg;G cs;stu;fsplk; je;J tpl;lhy; mtruj; Njitfspd;NghJ nra;jp mDg;Gthu;fs;. mYtyfj;jpy; Ntiy nra;gtu;fSf;F jfty;fis clDf;Fld; nra;jpfis gfpu;e;J nfhs;s ,J cjtpaJ. Mdhy; nra;jp mDg;Ggtu;fSf;F ,jpypUe;J gjpy; mDg;g KbahJ. jw;NghJ nry;Nghdpy; v];. vk;. v];> vk;. vk;. v];. ,nkapy; mDg;GtJ tiu tpQ;Qhdk; tsu;r;rp mile;J tpl;ljhy; ‘Ng[u;’ fhzhky; NghdJ.

Nthf;kd;

Nthf;kidg; gad;gLj;jhjtu;fNs fpilahJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F Nthf;kd; Nkhfk; kf;fisg; gpbj;jpUe;j fhyfl;lk; 1980. NubNah> b.tp.tpfspy; jhq;fs; tpUk;Gk; ghliyf; Nfl;f Kbahj tu;fs;> rpwpa frl;by; gjpT nra;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L tpUk;gpa Neuq;fspy; Nfl;L kfpo;e;jdu;. ,jpy; NubNahTk; kf;fSf;F gaDs;s nghOJNghf;F rhjdkhf tpsq;fpaJ. vyf;l;Nuhdpf;]; nghUs;fSf;Fg; ngau; ngw;w Nrhdp epWtdk; 1978y; Nthf;nkid tbtikj;jJ. cyfnkq;Fk; 1979k; Mz;L re;ijf;F te;j Nrhdpapd; thf;Nkd;fs; fle;j [{iy 2009 tiu 385 kpy;ypad;fs; tpw;Ws;sd thk;. jw;fhyj; jiyKiwapdu; b[pl;ly; kw;Wk; vk;.gp.3 tbtpy; nry;Nghd;> Inghl;by; Nfl;L kfpo;tjhy; Nthf; kDf;F Ntiy ,y;iy.

gpypk; Nuhy;

gpypk; Nuhy;fs;> Gifg;glk; vLg;gjw;F fkuhf;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. xU Nuhypy; jahupg;G epWtdj;ijg; nghWj;Jf; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 30 Nghl;Nlh tiu vLf;fyhk;. Nghl;Nlh vLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ ,ilapy; VjhtJ jtW Neu;e;jhy;> mJtiu vLj;j mj;jid Gifg;glq;fSk; tPzhfp tpLk;. Nghl;Nlh vLj;j gpwF mij nltyg; nra;J gpd;du; gpupz;l; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. b[pl;ly; fkuhf;fspd; tUiff;Fg; gpd; ,tw;wpd; gad;ghL ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.

ilg;iul;lu;

18 k; E}w;whz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ilg;iul;lupd; fPNghu;Lfs; fle;j ,uz;L E}w;whz;Lfshf gy khw;wq;fisr; re;jpj;Jtpl;ld. midtuhYk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ilg;iul;lu; 1867y; epA+Nahu;f;fpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. md;iwa fhyfl;lq;fspy; ilg;iul;lu; ,y;yhj mYtyfq;fNs fpilahJ. tpz;zg;gq;fs;> Kf;fpa Fwpg;Gfis ilg; nra;J gj;jpug;gLj;jp itj;jdu;. jtwhf ilg; nra;Ak;NghJ mopf;Fk; trjp ,y;yhjJ ngUk; Fiwahf ,Ue;jJ. 20k; E}w;whz;by; vyf;l;uhdpf; ilg;iul;lu; gad;ghl;Lf;F te;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; fk;g;A+l;lNu gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

tp.rp.Mu;

fyu; b.tpfspd; tUiff;Fg; gpd;dNu tp.rp.Mu; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. gpwe;j ehs;> jpUkz ehs;> Mz;L tpoh Nghd;w Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpfis gjpT nra;J tpUk;gpa Neuq;fspy; ghu;j;J re;Njh\g;glyhk;. Mdhy; tprpb> btpb tUiff;Fg; gpd; ,tw;iw rPz;Lthupy;iy.

fhu;gd; Ngg;gu;

Kf;fpakhd Fwpg;Gfs; xd;Wf;F Nky; Njitg;gl;lhy; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g vOj Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; cUthdJ. ,ijj; jtpu;f;f fhu;gd; Ngg;gu; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjy; jlit vOJk;NghNj mjw;Ff; fPo; fhu;gd; Ngg;gUk;> nts;isj;jh Sk; itj;J nfhQ;rk; mOj;jk; nfhLj;J vOjpdhy; NghJk;> fPNo cs;s Ngg;gupy; gjpe;JtpLk;. fWg;G> Cjh> kQ;rs;> nts;is vd gy epwq;fspy; ,Ue;jhYk; ngUk;ghYk; Cjh epw fhu;g;idNa gad;gLj;jp te;jdu;. jw;NghJ etPd gpupz;lu;fs; te;J tpl;ljhy; fhu;gd; Ngg;giu rpyNu fz;L nfhs;fpwhu;fs;.