mwptpay; fjpu;

(Nguhrpupau; Nf. uh[{)

tpy;ypak; `hu;tp etPd clw;$wpypay;

,uj;jk; kw;Wk; ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; `pg;Ngh fpul;l];> mup];lhl;by; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj mwpag;gl;l xd;Wjhd;. Mdhy; ,uj;j Xl;lk; gw;wpNah> ,jak; gw;wpNah> KOikahd jfty;fs; mtu;fSf;Fj; njupatpy;iy. ,jak;jhd; kdpj mwptpidj; jPu;khdpf;fpwJ vd;W mup];lhl;by; jtwhf epidj;jhu;. Nfyd; (fp.gp. 130-200) vd;gtu; ehbj;Jbg;ig Nehapd; mwpFwpahf Kjd;Kjypy; tof;fj;jpw;Ff; nfhzu;e;j kpfr; rpwe;j fpNuf;f kUj;Jtu;. mtUk; $l vy;yh ,uj;jKk; fy;yPuypy; Njhd;Wtjhf epidj;jhu;. Kjd;Kjypy; ,uj;jk; xU %ba tl;lg;ghij topahf cly; KOtJk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;W ep&gpj;jtu; tpy;ypak; `hu;tp (1578-1657).

epA+l;lDf;F rkkhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;stu;

`hu;tpapDila fz;L gpbg;G kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; kpfg; ngupa Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ. kpff; ftdkhf Ma;Tf; Fwpg;Gfs; vLj;J> mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; KbTf;F tUtJ vd;w mtuJ Gjpa mZFKiw jhd; etPd clw;$wpaYf;fhd (Modern Physiology) mbg;gilia mikj;Jj; je;jJ. R+upaf; FLk;gj;jpw;F epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;G tpjp gw;wpa fz;Lgpbg;G ve;jsT mbg;gilahdNjh> mNj msTf;F clw;$wpaYf;F `hu;tpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G mbg;gilahdJ vd;fpwJ tpQ;Qhdpfspd; gl;baiyj; njhFj;Js;s Nfk;gpupl;[; gy;fiyf;fof mfuhjp. ,uz;lhtJ kpy;ypdj;jpd; (kpy;ypdk; vd;why;Mapuk; Mz;Lfs;) 10 kpf Kf;fpakhd kdpju; fisg; gl;baypl;l Mu;ju; \;ny rpq;fu; vd;w tuyhw;W Ma;thsu; mg;gl;baypy; `hu;tpapd; ngaiur; Nru;j;jpUf;fpwhu;.

fyPypNah Nghjpj;j gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;...

,q;fpyhe;jpy; 1578Mk; Mz;L gpwe;jtu; `hu;tp. gy; NtW tpyq;Ffspd; ,jaq; fisf; frhg;Gf; filf;fhuu;fsp lkpUe;J ngw;W> ,jaq;fspd; nray;ghL gw;wp rpWtajpypUe;Nj Ma;T nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhu;. kUj;Jtg; gbg;ig Nkw;nfhs;s mg;NghJ ,j;jhypapy; Gfo;ngw;w epWtdkhf tpsq;fpa ghJth gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Nru;e;jhu;. mq;F xU rz;ilapy; gLfha kile;j ez;gu; xUtuJ clypypUe;J ,uj;jk; ntspNaWk; NghJ> jkdp topahf tpl;Ltpl; Lk;> rpiu topahf xNu rPuhfTk; ntspNawpaijf; ftdpj;jhu;. ,uj;jk; clypd; VNjh xU gFjp apypUe;J mOj;jg;gl;L ntsp NaWfpwJ vd;w Kbtpw;F `hu;tp tu ,e;epfo;r;rp cjtpaJ. cl ypy; ,uj;jk; ,iltplhky; Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;Wk; mjw; fhd mOj;jj;ijj; jUtJ RUq;fp tpupAk; jd;ik nfhz;l ,jak;jhd; vd;gijAk; gpd;du; fz;lwpe;jhu;. “rpiufspy; cs;s thy;Tfs; ,uj;jk; rpiufspyp Ue;J ,jaj;jpw;Fr; nry;YkhW nray;gLfpd;wd ; mNj Nghy> ,jaj;jpy; cs;s thy;Tfs; ,uj;jk; ,jaj;jpypUe;J jkdp fSf;Fr; nry;YkhW nray;gL fpd;wd” vd;W mtu; fz;L gpbj;jhu;. ,uj;j Xl;lk; gw;wpa jd; fz;Lgpbg;ig 1628-,y; 72 gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l rpwpa Gj; jfkhf ntspapl;lhu;.

R+upad; G+kpiar; Rw;wptutpy;iy> G+kpjhd; R+upaidr; Rw;wptUfpwJ vd;W fz;L gpbj;j epf;Nfhyh]; Nfhg;gu;dpf;f]; ,Nj gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbj;jtu;jhd;. `hu;tp mg;gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbf;Fk;NghJ fyPypNah mq;F thdtpay; Nghjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;jJ.

fUtpay; Jiwapy; Ma;Tfs;

fUtpay; (embroylogy) JiwapYk; `hu;tp Ma;Tfs; Nkw; nfhz;lhu;. capu;jhdhfNt cUthff;$baJ vd;wpUe;j ek;gpf;ifia epuhfupj;J> midj;J capu;fSk; Kl;ilf;fUtpypUe;Nj cUthfpd;wd vd;W $wpatu; `hu;tp.

Neha;f;fpUkpfs;> ghk;gpd; tp\k; Nghd;w tp\q;fs; cly; KOtJk; vg;gb Ntfkha;g; gut KbfpwJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F> `hu;tpapd; ,uj;j Xl;lk; gw;wpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; tpil fz;ld. rpiuapy; xU kUe;ij Crp %yk; nrYj;jpaJk; mJ cly; KOtJk; CLUtptpLk; vd;gij kUj;Jtu;fs; njupe;J nfhs;sTk; mtuJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; cjtpd. GJ ,uj;jj;ijr; nrYj;jp Nehahspiaf; fhg;ghw;Wk; Kiwia (blood transfusion) mtu;fs; clNd gupNrhjpf;fj; njhlq;fpdu;. Mdhy; me;j Kaw;rpfs; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. fhuzk;> ,uj;jj;jpy; gy tiffs; (blood groups) vd;gJ mg;NghJ njupahJ! xNu tifiar; Nru;e;j ,uj;jj;ijj;jhd; cly; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; vd;gJ gpd;dNu fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.