,d;W kfhftp ghujpahu; gpwe;j jpdk;

ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo;nkhop Nghy; ,dpjhtnjq;Fk; fhNzhk;

ghujp> xU ftpQu;> vOj;jhsu;> gj;jpupifahrpupau;> tpLjiy tPuu;> r%f rPu;j;jpUj;jthjp vd gy;NtW gupkhzq;fs; nfhz;ltu;. Rg;gpukzpad; vd;w ,aw;ngau; nfhz;ltu;. jkpopd; ftpij kw;Wk; ciueilapy; jd;dpfuw;w Gyik ngw;w Nguwpthsu;. jk; vOj;Jf;fspd; thapyhf kf;fspd; kdjpy; tpLjiy czu;it Cl;batu;. ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd; jpUg;gq;fs; epiwe;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;. ,tupd; rk fhyj;ija kdpju;fs; kfhj;kh fhe;jp> ghy fq;fhju jpyfu;> c. Nt. R. Iau;> rpjk;guk; gps;is kw;Wk; kfhd; mutpe;ju; MfpNahu;.

jkpo;> jkpou; eyd;> ,e;jpa tpLjiy> ngz; tpLjiy> rhjp kWg;G kw;Wk; gy;NtW rkaq;fs; Fwpj;J ftpij fSk; fl;LiufSk; vOjpAs;shu;. ,tUila ftpj;jpwid nkr;rp ghujp vd;w gl;lk; vl;laGuk; rk];jhdj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ. vl;laGuj;jpy; ghujp gpwe;j tPL jw;NghJ jkpof murhy; rPu;nra;ag;gl;L nghJkf;fs; ghu;itf;F tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1882k; Mz;L brk;gu; 11 rpd;drhkp IaUf;Fk; yl;Rkp mk;khSf;Fk; vl;laGuj;jpy; gpwe;j ghujp (Rg;igah vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhu;).

jdJ 11k; tajpy; gs;spapy; gbj;J tUk;nghONj ftpGidAk; Mw;wiy ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. 1897 Mk; Mz;L nry;yk;khis kze;jhu;. 1898 Mk; Mz;L njhopypy; Vw;gLk; e\;lj;jpdhy; tWik epiyapid mile;jhu;. ,jid vl;laGuk; kd;dUf;Fj; njuptpj;J nghUSjtp toq;FkhW fbjj;jpy; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;whu;. gpd;du; vl;la Guk; muz;kidapy; gzp fpilj;jJ. rpwpJ fhyq;fspNyNa mg;gzpia tpLj;J fhrpf;Fr; nry;fpd;whu;. 1898 Kjy; 1902 tiu fhrpapy; jq;fp ,Ue;jhu;. gpd;du; vl;laGuj;jpd; kd;ddhy; mioj;J tug;gl;L fhrp muz;kid xd;wpdpy; ghujp tho;e;jhu;.

,t;thW VO tUlq;fs; ghl;nlOjhky; ,Ue;j ghujp 1904 Mk; Mz;L kJiuapy; mtu; vOJk; ghly; tpNtfghD ,jopy; ntspahfpd;wJ. tho;ehs; KOJk; gy;NtW jUzq;fspy; gj;jpupif MrpupauhfTk; kJiuapy; NrJgjp Nky;epiyg; gs;spapy; jkpohrpupauhfTk; gzpahw;wpAs;shu;. jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> rk];fpUjk; kw;Wk; tq;fhs nkhop Mfpatw;wpy; Gyik ngw;wtu;. gpw nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fis nkhop ngau;j;JKs;shu;.

Njbr; NrhWepje; jpd;W gy rpd;dQ; rpWfijfs; Ngrp kdk; thbj; Jd;gkpf cod;W gpwu; thlg; gy nray;fs; nra;J eiu $bg; fpog;gUtk; va;jp nfhLq; $w;Wf; fpiunadg;gpd; khAk; gy Ntbf;if kdpjiug; NghNy ehd; tPo;Nt ndd;W epidj;jhNah?

ftpij vOJgtd; ftpad;W. ftpijNa tho;f;ifahf cilNahd;> tho;f;ifNa ftpijahfr; nra;Njhd;> mtNd ftp – ghujp. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy;> ,ikg; nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; – ghujp.

jk; jha;nkhopahk; jkpopd;kPJ msTfle;j md;Gnfhz;ltu;. gd;nkhopg; Gyikngw;w ghtyuhd ,tu; ‘ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhop Nghy; ,dpjht njq;Fk; fhNzhk;’ vd ftp Gide;j ftpQhapW. rk;];f;Ujk;> tq;fhsk;> `pe;jp> g;nuQ;r; kw;Wk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; jdpg;Gyik ngw;wtu;.

mk;nkhopfspd; jdpr; rpwg;Gkpf;f gilg;Gfis jkpo; nkhopahf;fk; nra;jtu;. goe;jkpo;f; fhtpaq;fspd; kPJ jdp <LghL nfhz;ltu;. mofpay; czu;Tk; jj;Jt rpe;jidfSk; xUq;Nf nfhz;l khNkij. Njrpa ftp vd;w KiwapYk; cyF jOtpa rpe;jidfis mofpaYlDk; cz;ikAlDk; ftpd;wjpdhYk;> ,tu; cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j ftpQu;fSld; xg;gplg;gLk; rpwg;G ngw;wtu;. jkpopd; jd;dpfuw;w ftpNaW.

• Fapy; ghl;L

• fz;zd; ghl;L - ,e;Jf; flTshd fz;zd; kPJ ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;ghFk;.

• ghQ;rhyp rgjk;

Mfpad mtu; gilg;Gfspy; rpy.

ghujpahu; RNjr kpj;jpudpy; cjtp Mrpupauhf etk;gu; 1904 Kjy; Xf];l; 1906 tiu gzpahw;wpaNjhL jk; tho;ehspd; ,WjpapYk; Xf];l; 1920 Kjy; nrg;lk;gu; 1920 tiu mt;tpjopd; cjtp Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpNa kiwe;jhu;. rf;futu;j;jpdp vd;w kfspu; khj ,jopYk; ,e;jpah vd;w thu ,jopYk;> R+upNahjak;> fu;kNahfp> ju;kk; vd;w ,jo;fspYk; ghyghujh Mu;aq; ,z;bah vd;w Mq;fpy ,jopYk; Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhu;.

tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l fhyj;jpy; Njrpa czu;Ts;s gy;NtW ftpijfis gilj;J kf;fis xUq;fpizj;j fhuzj;jhy; ghujp Njrpa ftpahf Nghw;wg;gLfpwhu;. ‘kd;Dk; ,kakiy vq;fs; kiyNa... khepy kPjpJ Nghy gpwpjpiyNa... ,d;dW ePu;f;fq;if Mnwq;fs; MNw.... ,q;fpjd; khz;gpw; nfjpu; vJ NtNw’ vd;W vOjpatu;.

jd;Dila jha;ehl;il epide;J ngUiknfhz;lNjhL kl;Lkd;wp mjd; vjpu;fhyk; vt;thwpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ghu;itAk; ngw;wtu;. ‘te;Njkhjuk; vd;Nghk; vq;fs; khepyj; jhia tzq;FJk; vd;Nghk;’ vd;wtu;> gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; Nfhapy; nra;FNthk; vd;whu;.

tq;fj;jpy; XbtUk; ePupd; kpifahy; ikaj;J ehLfspy; gapu; nra;Ak; ejpePu; ,izg;Gj; jpl;lj;ij tpLjiyf;F Kd;Ng fdT fz;ltu;.

MLNthNk gs;S ghLNthNk Mde;j Rje;jpuk; mile;Jtpl;Nlhk; vd;W tpLjiyf;F Kd;ghfNt ghbf;fspj;j ghujp> Njr tpLjiyf;F Kd;ghfNt capu; ePj;jtu;.

ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd; ghujp ghly;fspd; ,yf;fzf; fl;Lf;fisj; jfu;j;njwpe;jtu;. ,tUf;F Kd;ghf ftpGide;j ftpQu;fs; njhy;fhg;gpa ,yf;fzk; rpwpJk; tOthky;> nghUs;nfhs;> ahg;G> mzp vd ,yf;fzj;jpy; fl;Lz;L fw;Nwhu; kl;Lk; fw;wwpAk; ftpijfisNa Gide;jdu;. ,yf;fzr; rl;lq;fisj; jfu;j;njwpe;j ghujp> GJf;ftpij vd Gfog;gLk;> ghkuUk; Nfl;LzUk; trdf; ftpijia jkpOf;Fj; je;jtu;.

jkpofj;jpy; Kjypy; ngz;Zupikiag; NgrpaJ ghujpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk;. ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRk; ,j;jpUehl;by; kz;zbik jPUjy; Kaw;nfhk;Ng vd ngz;Zupikia Vj;jpdhd;.

Nghw;wp Nghw;wpNahuhapuk; Nghw;wp epd; nghd;dbf;Fg; gy;yhapuk; Nghw;wpfhz; vd;w ghujp ngz;ik tho;fntd $j;jpLNthklh vd;whu;. ngz;fspd; fy;tpawpT fhzTk; rl;lq;fis nra;jplTk; fdT fz;l ghujp> rhjk; gilf;f kl;Lky;yhJ nja;tr; rhjp gilf;fTk; ngz;fs; jFjp gilj;jtu;fs; vd;W fz;lhu;.

,e;jpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijNa ghujg; NghuhfTk;> ghQ;rhypia ghuj NjtpahfTk; cUtfg;gLj;jp kfhftp gilj;j gilg;Gjhd; ghQ;rhyp rgjk;. mofpa ,yf;fpa eaj;ijAk;> kpf mofhd ftpeaj;ijAk; nfhz;l jkpopd; mopahf; fhtpakhf ghujpapd; ghQ;rhyp rgjk; tpsq;FfpwJ.