Gj;jsk;-kd;dhu; ghij jpwf;fg;gLk; NghJ mJ `k;ghe;Njhl;il-aho; fiuNahug; ghijahf mikAk;

fle;j brk;gu; 26e; jpfjp nfhba Rdhkp mdu;j;jj;jpd; Ie;jhk; Mz;L epiwT jpdj;jpy;jhd;> gj;njhd;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; epfo;e;j kw;WnkhU Rdhkpianahj;j tlGy K];ypk;fs; ntdpNaw;wg;gl;l nfhLikapd; kPl;rpf;Fk;> kPs;Fbaku;Tf;Fk;> Gjpa ghijj; jpwg;Gf;Fkhd ,dpg;ghd nra;jpia [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ ntdpg;gLj;jpdhu;. ,t;tpdpg;ghd nra;jpfs; tlGy K];ypk;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ Nghy Gj;jsj;ijr; Nru;e;j vdf;F> ghijj; jpwg;G tplak; kfpo;r;rpiaj; je;jJ. ,J 13 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; ehd; vOjpa fl;Liuf;Ff; fpilj;j gjpyhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

fle;j 26k;jpfjp fy;gpl;b Myq;Flhtpy; kPs; FbNaw;w mdu;j;j Nritfs; mikr;rUk;> td;dp khtl;l ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUkhd up\hj; gjpAjPd; jiyikapy; eilngw;w mfpy ,yq;if K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; tlGy kfhehl;Lf;F gpujk mjpjpahf tUif je;j [dhjpgjp> mq;F FOkpapUe;j gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhd kf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; 2010 [dtupapy; Gj;jsk; - kd;dhu; ghij jpwf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk;> Nk khjj;jpy; cq;fSf;fhd kPs; FbNaw;wKk; Muk;gpf;Fk; vd;Wk; nra;jpfis ntspapl;lhu;.

itgtk; Kw;Wg;ngw;W [dhjpgjpAk;> mikr;ru;fs; KjyhNdhUk; gfy; czTf;fhfg; ngUq;flw; fiug;gFjpapy; mike;jpUe;j Xa;tfj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l NghJ gpujp mikr;ru; Nf. mg;Jy; ghap]; FOtpy; ehDk; ,ize;jpUe;Njd;. mq;F glk; vLf;Fk; gzpapy; <Lgl;bUe;j vd;idf; fz;Lnfhz;l [dhjpgjpapd; MNyhrfu; my;`h[; V. vr;.vk;. m];tu;> irif %yk; vd;id mUNf mioj;J [dhjpgjpaplk;> ‘N]u; ,d;W ePq;fs; [dtupapy; jpwf;fg;gLk; vd mwptpj;j Gj;jsk; - kd;dhu; ghij jpwf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd 13 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; jpdfud; gj;jpupifapy; fl;Liu ntspapl;Lk;. MW tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; mJgw;wp E}y; ntdpapl;Lk; ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fs; kdijf; ftu;e;j yj;jPg; kh];lu; ,tu;’ vd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. kl;Lkpd;wp vdJ Gifg;glf; fUtpia thq;fp [dhjpgjpAld; epw;f itj;Jg; glKk; vLj;jhu;. ,J vdJ tho;tpy; kwf;f Kbahj vjpu;ghuhj epfo;thfptpl;lJ.

1990 xf;Nlhgu; khjk; xU nfhLik kpFe;j khjk;. xNu nkhop Ngrpa tlGy jkpo; kf;fSk;> K];ypk; kf;fSk; ,d uPjpahfg; Gypfshy; gpupf;fg;gl;L K];ypk;fs; ,uz;Nlap uz;L kzpNeu mtfhrj;jpy; cLj;j cilAld; Xl Xl tpul;lg;gl;l jpdk;. vdpDk; midj;Jj; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; ,jpy; cld;ghL ,y;iynad;gijAk; K];ypk;fs; mwptu;. mkuu; K. rptrpjk;guk; K];ypk;fs; kPSk; tiu ehDk; mq;F tNud;’ vd;W ntspNawpa gpd;du; mtuJ G+j clNy tlf;Ff;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lik ,jw;F xU rhd;W! tpul;lg;gl;Nlhu; ghJfhg;ghf ,q;fpUf;Fk; epiyapy; tpul;bNahu; vq;Nf?

1990 fspy; K];ypk;fs; tpul;lg;gl;l NghJ> aho;g;ghz K];ypk;fs; V. 9 tPjp topahfTk;> kd;dhu; gpuNjr kf;fs; kjthr;rp topahf V. 9 tPjpiaaile;J mEuhjGuk; topahfg; ngUk; ,d;dy;fdpd; kj;jpapy; Gj;jsk; efiuaile;jdu;. kd;dhu; gpuNjr kf;fspy; mNefu; fly; topahff; fy;gpl;bia mile;jdu;. mJKjy; mk;kf;fs; ,d;Wtiu mDgtpf;Fk; Nrhfk; vOj;jpy; tbf;f KbahJ.

md;iwa I. Nj. fl;rp Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j ,e;j ,lk;ngau;T gw;wp me;j muR Kjy; njhlu;e;J te;j muRfNsh> my;yJ GypfNsh> kdpj cupik mikg;Gf;fNsh> I. eh. rigAl;gl;l ru;tNjr r%fNkh ngupjhf myl;bf;nfhs;stpy;iy. Gj;jsj;Jf;F ntspNa thOk; Vida gFjp kf;fdpy; gyUk; $l ,q;F te;j ghu;j;J gpd;du; ,t;tsT ngUk; njhif Kfhk;fSk;> kf;fSk; ,q;F trpf;fpd;wduh vd;W Mr;rupag;gl;Lg; Nghdhu;fs;. ,k;kf;fSld; neUq;fpg; gofpatu;fdpy; ehDk; xUtd;.

vj;jyk; NghdhYk; Gj;jsk; NghfhNj> Gj;jsk; NghdhYk; Gj;jpaha; el vd;w tir nkhopf;F khw;wPlhf 1990fspy; xU yl;rj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l tlf;fpypUe;J ,lk; ngau;e;Njhu; ,q;Nf te;jdu;. njw;F kw;Wk; kj;jpa gFjpapypUe;J ,why; gz;izahsu;fnsdTk; ,q;F te;J FbNawpdu; vd;gJ Fepg;gplj;jf;fJ. vdNt ,e;j tof;F ,d;W tof;nfhope;Jtpl;lJ. ,lk;ngau;e;j kf;fdpd; tUifahy; ,g;gpuNjrj;Jf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; gy;NtW topfspy; gy;NtW ed;ikfSf;Fk;> gy;NtW ghjpg;GfSk; Vw;gl;lij ahUk; kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.

tlNkw;Ff; fiuapy; mike;Js;s Gj;jsj;Jf;Fk;> kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpd; Krypg; gpuNjrj;jpd; kwpr;rpf;fl;bf;Fk; ,ilapyhd J}uk; Mf 66 fp. kPl;lu;fNs. mNjNtis Gj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhOk;Gf;fhd J}uk; 130 fp. kP. ,jidr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigapd; tpsk;gug; gyifAk; `z;l fhykhfg; Gj;jsk; efupy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdpDk; ghijjhd; (,e;j 66 fp. kP. ghij ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; 1990y; tpul;lg;gl;l NghJ kd;dhu; kw;Wk; Krypg; gpuNjr kf;fs; fly; topahfTk;> KUq;fd;> kjthr;rp> mDuhjGuk; topahfTk; gplwpiar; Rw;wp tUkhg;Nghy Gj;jsj;ijAk;> fy;gpl;biaAk; mile;jpUf;fj; Njit ,Ue;jpUf;fhJ.

2010 [dtupapy; jpwf;fg;gLtjhfj; jw;NghJ mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gj;jsk; - kd;dhu; ghij tuyhw;Wg; gjptpidf; nfhz;lJ. Gj;jsj;Jf;F tlf;fhAk; mDuhjGupf;Ff; fpof;fhAk;> kd;dhu; Krypf;Fj; njw;fhAk; mike;Js;s ngupa tdg;gFjp 1902k;Mz;by; gpupj;jhdpa murhy; tpy;gw;W ruzhyakhf khw;wg;gl;lijaLj;J mJtiu mjD}lhaike;jpUe;j ,ytd;Fsk; kwpr;rpf;fl;b (Gj;jsk; - kd;dhu;) tz;by; ghij Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; jilg;gl;lJ.

mjw;Fk; Kd;duhd fhyj;jpy; ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ngz;zurpfdpd; (DNtdp> my;ypuhzp> gy;X]; uhzp) Nghd;Nwhupd; MSiff;Fl;gl;bUe;j gpuNjrkhfTk;> ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; mike;Js;s Fjpiu kiy JiwKfk; muhgpa tzpfu;fdpd; fg;gy; jupg;gplkhfTk; jq;FkplkhfTk;> rpq;fs ,dj;jpd; jiytdhd tp[adJk; Njhou;fsJk; fg;gy;fs; fiunahJq;fpa jskhfTk;> tptrhak; nropj;Njhq;fpa gpuNjrkhfTk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; tptrhak; nropj;Njhq;fp ,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf ,g;gFjp nghd;gug;Gg; gw;W vd;Nw ,d;Wk; cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhf miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nghd;dpw ney;kzpfs; vd;gij topAWj;jp ,g;gFjpia Mq;fpyj;jpy;> Nfhy;ld; g;Nsa;d; vdTk; Nfhy;ld; f;iud; vdTk; mioj;jhu;fs;. ,t;tdj;jpDs; fyhXa> Nkhjufk; MW Nghd;w MWfs; ePu;g;gha;r;RtJld;> mjpfkhd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; cs;sd.

fyhXa> Mw;Wf;Fg; nghd;gug;gp MW vd;w ngaUk; cz;L. ,q;Fs;s ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis ‘tpy;’ vd;w nrhy; nfhz;L miof;fg;gl;likahy; ,e;j ruzhyak; tpy;gw;W ruzhyak; MdJ. vdpDk; ney;Yw;gj;jp G+kp vg;gb tdkhfpapUf;Fk;? vd;w tpdh vOk;Gfpd;wJ.

mDuhjGu ,uhrjhdp fhyj;jpy; njd;dpe;jpa jkpo; kd;du;fdpdhy; mbf;fb epfo;j;jg;gl;l gilnaLg;Gf;fdpd; fhuzkhf rpq;fs muRfs; njw;F Nehf;fp efu;j;jg;gl;lik tuyhW. kf;fSk; ,lk;ngau;e;jJld; tptrha epyq;fSk; fhLfshapd. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; J}u;e;J ehrkhfpd vd;gJk; tuyhW. gpd;du; te;j INuhg;gpa Ml;rpahsu;fSk; tptrhaj;Jf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy.

,e;j epiyapy; Mq;fpNya Ml;rpahsu;fshy; fhy Xa Mw;Wf;Fk;> Nkhjufk; Mw;Wf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ,lKk; mjw;Fk; tlfpof;Nf mike;Js;s f[{ tj;j cs;dpl;l gpuNjrKk; 1902y; tpy;gw;W ruzhyakhf meptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,JKjy; fiuj;jPT> ,ytd;Fsk; Clhd kwpr;rpf;fl;bf;fhd ghijAk; %lg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; nghJ kf;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ mjpfhupfdpd; mDruizAld; eilngw;wjhf Kd;Ndhu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,jd;gb MWfs; tw;wpa fhyq;fdpy; Gj;jsj;jpd; njq;Fg; nghUl;fSk;> kwpr;rpf;fl;bapypUe;j fhy; eilfSk; gupkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

1. Gj;jsk; 2 fy;gpl;b 3. fhiujPT 4. ngupaehftpy;Y

5. mUthf;fhL 6. ,ytd;Fsk; 7. nghd;gug;gp

8. tpy;gw;W Njrpa tdk; 9. Fjpiu kiy Kis

10 kepr;Rf;fl;b 11. nfhz;lr;rp 12. rpyhgj;Jiw

13. mepg;G 14. js;shb 15. kd;dhu;

16. jiy kd;dhu; 17. Mjk; miz

18. gs;sjkL 19. tplj;jy;jPT 20. ,Yg;ig

21. G+dfgup 22. ey;Y}u; 23. aho;g;ghzk;

24. mDuhjGuk; 25. kjthr;rp

26. KUq;fd; re;jp 27. jD\;Nfhb 28. ,uhNk];tuk;

mJNghy Fjpiu kiyf;fhd gazq;fSk; eilngw;Ws;sd. Mdhy; 1985 Nk khjj;jpy; ,ytd;Fsj;jpy; ,uT Ntisapy; toikahf epWj;jp itf;fggl;bUf;Fk; ,. ngh. r. g];tz;b tdj;jpD}lhf te;jGypfspdhy; flj;jg;gl;L Gj;jsk; Clhf mDuhjGuj;ijj; jhf;fpdu;.

,ijaLj;J ,ytd;Fsj;jpYk;> Gj;jsk; efupYk; ,uz;L ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; mtrukhf mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,jidaLj;J E}w;whz;L fhykhf eilngw;w kd;dhUf;fhd fhy;eil kw;Wk; khl;L tz;b> l;uf;lu; tz;bg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; Kw;whfj; jilg;gl;lJ.

,g;ghijahdJ Gj;jsk;> ,ytd;Fsk;> my;yJ fiuj;jPT Clhf kwpr;rpf; fl;biaaile;J> rpyhgj;Jiw KUq;fd; topahf fpof;Nf kd;dhiuAk;> tlf;Nf G+efup topahf aho;g;ghzj;ijAk; miltjhy; Gj;jsk; efupYs;s fiuj;jPT> ,ytd;Fsk; ghijahdJ ,d;Wk; kd;dhu; tPjp my;yJ aho;g;ghz tPjp vd;Nw ,d;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,g;NghJ Kg;gJ tUl fhy Aj;jk; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;s epiyapy; E}whz;LfSf;F Kd;du; %lg;gl;l Gj;jsk; - kd;dhu; ghij kPz;Lk; 2010 [dtupapy; jpwf;fg;glTs;sjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik ,dpg;ghd nra;jpNa.

Gj;jsj;jpypUe;J mDuhjGuk;> kjthr;rp topahf KUq;fidaile;J (tpy;gw;W tdj;ijr; Rw;wp) kd;dhiuaila 12 fp. kP. gazpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; tdj;jpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuNahukhf kwpr;rpf;fl;b KUq;fd; Clhf kd;dhiu Mf 105 fp.kP. fNs gazpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; 77 fp. kP. J}uk; FiwtilAk;. ,jpy; cs;s kw;WnkhU ed;ik vd;dntdpy;> `k;ghe;Njhl;ilapypUe;J fhyp nfhOk;G> Gj;jsk; Clhf kd;dhu;> kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;fhd (Gefup) fiuNahu fw;ghijahf ,J mike;JtpLk; vd;gjhFk;.

mj;Jld; Gj;jsk; ,ytd;Fsk; tiu mike;Js;s Gifapujg; ghijAk; KUq;fd; tiu ePbf;fg;gl;lhy; Kryp kf;fs; ed;ikailtJld; kLTf;fhd Gdpjj; jsahj;jpiufSk;> kPs; FbNaw;wq;fSk;> ,yFthFk; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpAk; Vw;gLk;.

(vk;. I. vk;. mg;Jy; yj;jPg;)