[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy;

cz;ikf;Fk; Nkhrbf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nghuhl;lk;

[dtup 26e; jpfjpad;W eilngWk; [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy; cz;ikf;Fk; Neu;ikf;Fk; - Nkhrbf;Fk; gpj;jyhl;lj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd xU Nghuhl;lkhFk;. cz;ikAk; Neu;ikAk; vd;WNk ntw;wpailtJz;L. vj;jid ngha;> Nghyp Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\tpd; murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf Rkj;jp kf;fspd; ftdj;ij jpirjpUg;Gk; vz;zj;Jld; ,e;j rjpfhuu;fs; fglj;jdkhf Vkhw;w vj;jdpj;jhYk;> ,j;jifa ngha;f; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; vd;WNk vLglg; Nghtjpy;iy. ,j;jifa Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Rkj;Jgtu;fs;> ,whiyg; Nghd;W jq;fs; jiyapy; cs;s mRj;jj;ijg; gw;wp ftiyg;glhky; kw;wtu;fs; kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. ,tu;fspd; ,e;j fgl ehlfj;ij ed;F czu;e;Js;s kf;fs;> ,e;j [dhjpgjp Nju;jypy; ,j;jifa vjpu;f;fl;rpapd; jPa rf;jpfSf;F jf;f ghlk; fw;gpj;Nj jPUthu;fs;.

[dhjpgjp ,d;W nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; jkpopy; njspthf jdJ fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy;> jkpo; NgRk; jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; kf;fspd; mgpkhdj;Jf;Fk;> md;Gf;Fk; ghj;jpukhfpAs;shu;. MapDk; Nghyp thf;FWjpfisj; jtpu> NtW ve;j cUg;gbahd fUj;Jf;fisAk; njuptpf;fhky;> vt;tpj Kd;NahridAkpd;wp> tha;f;F te;jgb thu;j;ijfisf; nfhl;bj;js;Sk;> Ntl;ghsu; nghd;Nrfh> ,d;W kf;fspd; ntWg;Gf;Fk;> Vsdj;Jf;Fk; MshfpAs;shu;.

uzpypd; juf;Fiwthd Ngr;R

tTdpahtpy; ele;j ntl;fg;glf; $ba xU Ntjidf;Fupa rk;gtj;ij Qhgfg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. [dhjpgjp ,d;W jkpopy; gpioapd;wp Ngrp> jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; FbGFe;J ,Ug;gij ghu;j;J> nghwhikg;gl;Nlh vd;dNth jhDk; jkpo;g; gFjpapy; jkpopy; Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mu;tj;jpy; njupahj jkpio nfhr;irg;gLj;jp> vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytu; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f xU mtkhd rpd;dkhf khwpapUf;fpwhu;. [dhjpgjpiaAk; murhq;fj; jiytu;fisAk; Nghlh thlh vd;W jkpopy; mtu; juf; Fiwthd thu;j;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jp> jq;fs; CUf;F te;J> [dhjpgjp mtu;fis epe;jpj;J Ngrpaikf;F epr;rak; jkpo; kf;fspd; fLikahd jz;lid mtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;.

vjpuzpapy; ‘vk;ld;’

,g;NghJ ehk; ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfpfs;> JNuhfk; ,iog;gtu;fs;> eatQ;rfu;fs; kw;Wk; Nghyp Nt\k; NghLgtu;fs; gw;wp rw;Wr; rpe;jpg;Nghk;. vk;ld; vd;w nrhy;iy ePq;fs; epr;rak; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUg;gPu;fs;. ,J jkpopYk; rpq;fsj;jpYk; xNu nghUisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. xU jPatd;> ek;g itj;Jf; fOj;jWg;gtd; my;yJ xU fpy;yhbia nghJthf ehk; vk;ld; vd;W miog;Nghk;.

1908 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; 26 Mk; jpfjpad;W vk;ld; vd;w Nghu;f;fg;gy; N[u;kd; flw;gilapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jf; fg;gypy; 360 khYkpfs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. vk;ld; fg;gypd; fg;ld; gy jpy;YKy;Yfisr; nra;J 23 ntspehl;Lr; ruf;Ff; fg;gy;fis 1914 Mk; Mz;by; %o;fbj;jhd;. vk;ld; fg;gYf;Fk;> ,yq;iff;Fk;> nrd;idf;Fk; ,ilapy; neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 1914 ,y; vk;ld; nrd;idj; JiwKfj;ijj; jhf;fpa NghJ mq;F 26 khYkpfs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;. gpd;du;> vk;ld; ,yq;ifj; JiwKfj;ijj; jhf;Ftjw;F vj;jidNah jlitfs; Kaw;rp nra;j NghjpYk; JiwKfj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;j mjpJ}uj;Jf;F xspgha;r;Rk; kpd; tpsf;Ffs; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy; vk;lDf;F nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;ijj; jhf;f Kbatpy;iy.

mjdhy; jhd; 20Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; vkJ ehl;bd; jha;khu;fs; jq;fs; gps;isfis mr;RWj;jp NrhW}l;Ltjw;Fk;> ghiyf; Fbf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk; mNjh vk;ld; tUfpwhd; vd;W G+r;rhz;b fhl;Lthu;fs;. ,g;gbahd vk;ld;fs; vjpu;f;fl;rp nghJNtl;ghsupd; mzpapy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j vk;ld;fSf;F etPd nfhagy;]; kq;fs rkutPu jiyik jhq;Ffpwhu;.

etPd nfhagy;];d; MjuTk;> N[. tp. Gp apdupd; KOikahd xj;Jiog;igAk; ngw;Ws;s> Ntl;ghsu; ruj; nghd;NrfhTk; jdJ ,uhZt gpd;dzpia> gf;fgykhf itj;Jf;nfhz;L> gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdf;F murpay; neUf;fbfs; Njhdwepdhy;> xU ru;thjpfhupahf> khwkhl;lhu; vd;W vtuhtJ cWjpahfr; nrhy;yKbAkh? ths; vLj;jtd; thshy; kbthd; vd;gjw;fika> [dehaf tpNuhj ru;thjpfhug; Nghf;iff; filg;gpbg;gtu;fSf;F ru;tjpfhup `pl;yUf;Fk;> kdpj capu;fis Ntl;ilahba nghy;nghl; Nghd;wtu;fSf;Fk; fpilj;j jz;lid Nghd;Nw> jz;lid fpilf;Fk;.

ehd; kd;dd; my;y

ehd; kd;dd; my;y. ehDk; cq;fspy; xUtd;. cq;fspd; Jd;g> Jauq;fis gfpu;e;J nfhz;L> cq;fs; ey;tho;Tf;Ffhf ciof;Fk; xU Vio gq;fhsdhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;Dila jha;ehL ,yq;if. ehd; ,q;F jhd; gpwe;Njd;. ,e;ehl;bNyNa tho;ehs; G+uhTk; ,Ug;Ngd;. ehd;> xU fhiy ,yq;ifapYk;> ,d;ndhU fhiy mnkupf;fh Nghd;w ntspehl;bYk; itj;J> ,uz;L tprhf;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU Neu;ikaw;w kdpjd; my;y vd;W> [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ $wpapUf;fpwhu;.

Ntl;ghsu; ruj; nghd;Nrfh> ehd; murhq;f Copau;fspd; rk;gsj;ij 10>000 &ghtpdhy; mjpfupg;Ngd;> kiyaf Njhl;l njhopyhsu;fdpd; rk;gsj;ij 10>000 &gh tiu mjpfupg;Ngd;> Xa;T+jpaj;ijAk; mjpfupg;Ngd;. Nfhy;ld; X> rf;tpf;jp Nghd;w epWtdq;fdpy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd gzj;ij KjyPL nra;J Vkhw;wg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhNdhUf;F me;j gzj;ij mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jTld; kPsg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd; vd;nwy;yhk;> Nghd ,lnky;yhk; thf;FWjpfis tha;f;F te;jgb mdpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Nghfpwhu;. ,e;j thf;FWjpfis epiwNtw;Wk; msTf;F ,yq;if murpd; jpiwNrupapy; gzk; ,y;iy vd;gJ rpWgps;isf;F $l njupe;j cz;ikahFk;.

nghd;Nrfhtpd; ,e;j thf;FWjpfis ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> N[u;kdpapy; 1931> 1932> 1933 Mk; Mz;Lfdpy; Vw;gl;bUe;j gLNkhrkhd nghUshjhu neUf;fb epiy> vdf;F Qhgfj;jpw;F tUfpwJ. N[u;kdpapy; md;W fl;Lg;ghl;il ,of;Fk; msTf;F gztPf;fk; mjpfupj;jpUe;jjdhy; murhq;fk; kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiw Copau;fs; rk;gs jpdj;jpy; rk;gsk; vLg;gjw;fhf xU my;yJ ,uz;L ngupa rhf;F %ilfis jq;fSld; vLj;Jr; nry;thu;fs;. me;j fhupahyaq;fspy; xU Copaupd; rk;gskhf 100 N[u;kd; khu;f; fud;rp Nehl;Lf;fis me;j rhf;F %ilfdpy; f\;lg;gl;L epug;gp> rk;gskhf nfhLg;ghu;fs;. rhf;F %ilfspy; gzj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> me;j Copau;fs; xU ,whj;jy; ghiz thq;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mjd; epiwf;F xg;ghd msT 100 N[u;kd; khu;f; fud;rp Nehl;Lf;fis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jpypUe;J me; ehl;bd; gztPf;fk; ve;jsTf;F cau;e;jpUe;jJ vd;gij ePq;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;tPu;fs;.

gz Nehl;Lf;fis mr;rbj;Nj thf;FWjpfis epiwNtw;w KbAk;

nghd;Nrfh Nju;jypy; thf;Ffis ngWtjw;fhf> kf;fis Vkhw;Wtjw;fhf nfhLf;Fk;> ,e;j epiwNtw;w Kbahj thf;FWjpfis epiwNtw;Wtjhapd;> ,yq;ifapYk;> vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhky; 100 &gh Nehl;Lf;fis mr;rbj;J kf;fSf;F %il %ilahf nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

nghJthf xU ehl;bd; kj;jpa tq;fpapy; iftrk; cs;s jq;fk;> kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fs;> itg;Gf;fs; Mfpatwwepd; ngWkjpf;F Vw;gNt murhq;fq;fs; fud;rp Nehl;Lf;fis mr;rpLtJ cz;L. mt;tpjk; nra;jhy; $Lkhd tiuapy; gz tPf;fj;ij fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUf;fyhk;. mijtpl;L> fud;rp Nehl;Lf;fis fz;lghl;by; mr;rpl;lhy; ehl;by; mikjpapd;ikAk;> fytuq;fSk;> NguopTk; jhd; Vw;gLk; vd;gij ,t;tpjk; rpe;jpf;fhky; ntWkNd thf;FWjpfis nfhLj;J tUk; nghd;Nrfh czuNtz;Lk;.

md;W ghuhl;bdhu; ,d;W J}w;Wfpwhu;

[dhjpgjpiaAk;> mtuJ rNfhjuu;fisAk; Nkhrbf;fhuu;fs;> Coy; kpf;ftu;fs; vd;nwy;yhk; Fw;wq;fis Rkj;jp> mtu;fSf;F mtg;ngaiu cz;Lgz;z Kaw;rp nra;Ak; nghd;Nrfh> jhd; ,uhZt jsgjpahf ,Ue;j NghJ ,uhZt rPUilapy; nrd;W> I. up. vd;. njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; Jyht epfo;r;rpapy; mdpj;j Ngl;bapd; NghJ> [dhjpgjp mtu;fisAk; mtuJ rNfhjuu;fisAk; kpf;f jpwikrhypfs;> Neu;ikahdtu;fs;> ey;y jiyikj;Jtj;ij nfhLg;gjpy; ty;ytu;fs; vd;W ghuhl;bapUf;fpwhu;. Mdhy;> ,d;W> me;j ghuhl;Lf;fSf;F vjpu;khwhf ,tu;fis J}\pf;fpwhu;. ,jpypUe;J nghd;Nrfhtpd; Neu;ikgw;ep kf;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

etPd nfhagy;];d; ,d;DnkhU ngupa ‘^g;’

etPd nfhagy;]; kq;fs rkutPutpd; ,d;DnkhU ngUk; GSif> mk;gyg;gLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. murpay; rl;l epGzu;fs; midtUNk ,yq;ifapd; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Ml;rpKiwia ,y;yhky; nra;tjhapd;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ngUk;ghd;ik thf;Ffs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhu;fs;. Mdhy; vq;fSila etPd nfhagy;];> xU ngUk;ghd;ik thf;fpd; %yk; me;j [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiwia ePf;fptplyhk; vd;W fy;ahzg; gupR glj;jpy;> kd;dhu; md; fk;gdp kNd[u; ebfu; jq;fNtY mbf;Fk; ^g;Gf;fis tpl xU ngupa ^g;ig ,t;tpjk; mtpo;j;J tpl;bUf;fpwhu;. mtiug; ghu;j;J fpz;ly; nra;tjh? rpupg;gjh? vd;w ,uz;Lk; nfl;l epiyapy; kf;fs; ,d;W ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.

ehl;il tpLtpj;j jiytu;

[dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ ehl;il gaq;futhj gpbapypUe;J tpLtpg;gjw;fhf vy;. up. up. <. f;F vjpuhd ,Wjp Aj;jj;jpy; ntw;wpia milAk; filrp fl;lj;jpy; > ,yq;if kPJ mjpf nry;thf;if nfhz;Ls;s> gyk; tha;e;j> gy cyf ehLfs;> cldbahf Aj;jj;ij epWj;jp> rkhjhd topapy; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F jPu;T fhz;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij typAWj;jpd.

jq;fspd; mjpKf;fpa mikr;ru;fis ,yq;iff;F tpNrl J}Jtu;fshf mit mDg;gp> [dhjpgjpia Neupy; re;jpj;J ,jw;fhd mOj;jq;fis nfhz;Lte;j NghJ> me; ehLfspd; Nfhgj;Jf;F ,yf;fhtijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky;> ‘jaTnra;J vkJ ehl;bd; cs;Shu; tptfhuq;fdpy; jiyaplhjPu;fs;’ vd;W kNdhjplj;Jld; me;j Nfhupf;iffis epuhfupj;J tpl;L> ehl;il gaq;futhjk; vd;w nfhba muf;fdplkpUe;J tpLtpf;Fk; jdJ ,yl;rpaf; fdit fle;j Mz;L Nk khj eLg;gFjpapy;> [dhjpgjp Kg;gilfs;> nghyprhu;> rptpy; ghJfhg;G mikg;gpdu;> kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fdpd; G+uz gq;fdpg;GlDk;> MjuTlDk; ntw;wp fz;L> fdit edthf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;. [dhjpgjpapd; ,e;j ,yl;rpaf; fdT ,d;W vq;fs; ehl;L kf;fis Jd;g> Jauj;jpypUe;Jk;> mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;Jk; kPl;L mtu;fSf;F cz;ikahd murpay; Rje;jpuj;ij mDgtpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;ig ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.

rpy rpWghd;ik fl;rpfs; ,d;W vjpu;f;fl;rpapd; nghJ Ntl;ghsiu Mjupg;gjhf gfpuq;fkhf mepf;iffis tpLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; mf;fl;rpfSf;F rpWghd;ik jkpo; kf;fs; kw;Wk; K];ypk; kf;fdpilNa ,Ue;Jte;j nry;thf;F ,g;NghJ ngUkstpy; Fiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,f;fl;rpfSf;F rpWghd;ik kf;fspd; MjuNt ,y;iy vd;W $wpdhy; $l vtUk; tpag;gila khl;lhu;fs;. MfNt> ,e;jr; rpWghd;ikf; fl;rpfs; ruj; nghd;NrfhTf;F jq;fis Mjupf;Fk; kf;fs; thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhYk; mj;jifa Nfhupf;iffis rpWghd;ik kf;fs; epuhfupj;J> ,d;W cjaR+upadhf ntw;wpg; ghijapy; n[hypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vq;fs; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F jq;fspd; VNfhgpj;j Mjuit toq;fp mtiu ,e;jj; Nju;jypy; ntw;wpthif R+litg;ghu;fs;.

fle;j fhyj;jpy;> jkpo; kf;fs; ehl;bd; tlf;Ff; fpof;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Jd;gk; Jauq; fisAk; NtjidfisAk; mDgtpj;J te;jNghJ ,e;j jkpo;j; Njrpaf; $l;lzpiar; Nru;e;jtu;fs; nfhOk;gpYk; ntspehLfdpYk; nrhFR tho;f;ifia tho;e;J nfhz;L ,ilapilNa Jd;gg;gLk; jkpo; kf;fs; gw;wp Kjiyf; fzzPu; tpLtijg; Nghd;W murhq;fj;ijAk; ,uhZtj;ijAk; fz;bf;ff; $batifapy; ntWkNd mwpf;iffis kl;Lk; tpLj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,tu;fs; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Ff; $l rupahf r%fkspg;gjpy;iy. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fs; Fepj;J mjpfstpy; fz;ldf; Fuiyf;$l vOg;gj; jtwpatu;fs; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

mt;tpjk; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> ,tu;fs; nrhy;tij ek;gp rpWghd;ik kf;fs; Fwpg;ghf jkpou;fs;> jq;fis rPUilapy; nfhLikg;gLj;jpa Kd;dhs; ,uhZtj; jsgjp xUtiu vt;thW Mjupg;ghu;fs;? xU rpyu; ,e;j kdpjiu Mjupj;jhYk; ed;whfr; rpe;jpj;J> vjpu;fhy ey;tho;Tf;F tpj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zf;fUit cilatu;fs; epr;rakhf ,tiu Mjupf;fhky;> [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\it ntw;wp thif R+litg;ghu;ffs;.

jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G Vkhw;wg;gl;ljh?

rpWghd;ik kf;fSf;F ed;ik nra;Ak; ew;gzpia Nkw;nfhz;L tUk; [dhjpgjp mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf ntspehl;L rf;jpfspd; J}z;Ljypd; Ngupy; rjpj; jpl;lk; Nghl;L tUk;> vjpu;f; fl;rpapd; ehrfhu Fk;gy;fSld; jkpo; Njrpa $l;lzpiar; Nru;e;j rpyu; ,d;W ,ize;J nfhz;bUg;gJ> jkpo; czu;it nfhz;bUf;Fk; kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; ngUk; kdNtjidia mspf;fpwJ.

N[tpgp cau;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F jhf;fy; nra;j mbg;gil cupik kPwy; kDit guprPy idf;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l md;iwa gpujk ePjpauru; ruj; vd;. rpy;th 1987 Mk; Mz;by; xd;epizf;fg;gl;l tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fis jdpj;jdp khfhzq;fshf gpupj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPu;g;gspj;jhu;. mij mLj;J> tlf;Fk;> fpof;Fk; ,g;NghJ ,uz;L jdpj;jdp khfhzq;fshf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

,e;j Kd;dhs; gpujk ePjpauru;> rkPgj;jpy;> jhd; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F Nkw;nfhz;l tp[aj;ij mLj;J> ,g;NghJ jpBnud;W gy;b mbj;J> tlf;ifAk; fpof;ifAk; xd;wpizg;gjw;fhd mtrpak; ,d;W cUthfpapUf;fpwJ vd;W fUj;J njuptpj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

,tu;> jw;Nghija vjpu;f;fl;rpapd; nghJNtl;ghsu; ruj; nghd;Nrfhtpd; neUq;fpa Mjuthsuhf ,Ue;J> mtu; ntw;wp ngw;why;> jdf;F Kf;fpa gjtpfs; Vd; gpujk ke;jpup gjtp $l fpilf;Fk; vd;w eg;ghirAld; nraw;gl;L tUtjhf murpay; tl;lhuq;fspy; Ngrg;gLfpwJ.

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