Vspik  + mu;g;gzpg;G = ff;fd;

fhq;fpu]; fl;rpAk; Nfh\;b rz;ilAk; xl;bg; gpwe;j ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfs;> vd k.ngh.rp Nfyp nra;thu;.

mJ cz;ik vd;gij ,d;iwf;Fk; epfo;r;rpg; Nghf;Ffs; giwrhw;Wk;. Mdhy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp jkpo; ehL fkpl;bapYk; Nfh\;b rz;ilia kwe;J xd;Wgl; bUe;j fhyk; xd;W ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ Mr;rupakhf ,Uf; Fk;. Mdhy; cz;ik .

1955-57 Mz;Lfspy; G+.ff;fd;> jkpo;ehL fhq;fpu]; fl;rpj; jiytuhf nray; gl;l ,e;j FWfpa fhyNk Nfh\;b rz;il kl;Lg;gl;bUe;j fhyk; vd;fpwhu;fs; tuyhw;W Mrpupau;fs;. NkYk; ff;fd; jiytuhf ,Ue;J re;jpj;j 1957 nghJj; Nju;j ypy;jhd; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp 155 ,lq;fisf; ifg;gw;wp rhjid gilj;jJ.

ff;fdpd; rhjid kFlj; jpy; vspik> Neu;ik> mu;g; gzpg;G> jpwik vd gy khzpf;ff; fw;fs; cz;L. mtuJ E}w;whz;L tpoh itf; nfhz;lhLk; Neuj;jpy; mtw;iw mir NghLtJ cau; tpOkpaq;fis cau;j; jpg; gpbg;gjhf mikAk;.

kJiu khtl;lk; NkY}u; tl;lk; Jk;igg;gl;b vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; tho;e;jtu; G+rhup ff;fd; .,tu; NkY}u; tPukhfhspak;kd; Nfhapy; G+rhupahfTk; muR Njhl;b ahfTk; gzpahw;wpatu;. ,tUf;F ngUk;gp mk;khs;> FUk;gp vd ,uz;L kidtp fs; cz;L. jhd; jho;j;jg; gl;l rhjpapy; gpwe;J Njhl;b ahf gzpGupa Neupl;lhYk; jk; gps;isfs; fy;tp fw;W Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd jzp ahj ituhf;fpaj;NjhL gps; isfisg; gbf;fitj;jhu;.

,tupd; Kjy; kidtpf;F 1909[_iy 18Mk; ehs; gpwe; jhu; ek; fjhehafd; ff;fd;. Ie;J tajpy; NkY}u; njhlf; fg; gs;spapy; gapd;whu;. gpd; jpUkq;fyk;muR khztu; tpLjpapy; jq;fp cau;epiyf; fy;tp gapd;whu;. gpd;du; Mrpup au; gapw;rpg; gs;spapy; Nru;e;J gapd;W Mrpupau; Mdhu;. jhd; gbj;Jj; NjwpaJ jdf;fhf my;y> jkJ rKjhaj;Jf; fhfNt vd czu;e;j ff;fd;> jhd; tho;e;j gFjpapy; jPz;lg; glhjtu; thOk;gb epu;ge;jpf; fg;gl;l Nrupg;gFjpfspy; ,uTghlrhiyfs; mikj;J gps;isfSf;F fy;tp Nghjpj;J gs;spfspy; Nruitj;jhu;. ,e;j mUe;njhz;L gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;l kJiu itj;jpa ehj Iau;> ,tiu tho;j;jp Cf;fk; mspj;jhu;.

tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpYk; mup[d NritapYk; ff;fdpd; gzpfs; Kj;jpiu gjpj;jd. kJiu khtl;lj;jpy;jhd; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; mup[ dg; gs;spfs; Jtf;fg;gl; ld. NkY}upy; khzt> khztpaUf;F vd ,uz;L jdpj;jdp tpLjpfs; fl;lg; gl;ld. ,uz;Lf;Fk; ff;fd; fhg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

1938Mk; Mz;L nrhu;zk; ghu;tjp vd;gtiu kze;jhu;. rptfq;if murupd; cwtpd uhd Mu;.rrptu;zj;Njtu; kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; jiytu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; rlq;F rhq;fpa kpd;wp vspikahf jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;lhu;.1932Mk; Mz;Lf;F gpwF mup[d Nrit apy; Kk;Kuk; fhl;ba fhq;fpu rhu;>Nfhtpy; EioTg; Nghuhl; lq;fspy; jPtpuk; fhl;bdu;. ff;fd; mjpy; Kd;dpiyapy; epd;whu;.

1939 Mk; Mz;L [_iy 8 Mk; ehs; kJiu kPdhl;rp mk; kd; Nfhapy; Gdpjkile;jJ. Mk;> mJtiu jPz;lj;j fhjtu;fs; cs;Ns Eioa ,Ue;j Ntypia cilj;Jf; nfhz;L itj;jpaehj Iau; vy;.vd; Nfhghy;rhkp> jiy ikapy; G+.ff;fd;> rhkpKU fhde;jk;> Kj;J> tpv]; KU fhde;jk;> tp.Mu;. G+typq;fk; Mfpa Ie;J jho;j;jg;gl;l Njhou;fSk; tpUJefu; v];.v]; rz;Kf ehlhu; (md; iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; ehlhu; fSk; jPz;lj;jfhjtu;fs; Nghy; Nfhtpy; EioTcupik kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jdu;)MfpNahu; kPdhl;rp mk;kd; Nfhapypy; Eioe;J juprdk; nra;jdu;. ,jid “FUjp rpe;jhg; Gul;rp” vd uh[h[p tu;zpj; jhu;. mijj; njhlu;e;J $ly; mofu;>fs;sofu; vd tupir ahf gy Nfhapy;fspy; Nfhtpy; EioTg; Nghuhl;lk; eil ngw;wJ.muRk; rl;lkpaw;wp cupik toq;fpaJ.

nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk; 1942Mf];l;8 md;W Jtq;fpaJ. ff;fd; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L jQ;ir rpiw apy; milf;fg;gl;lhu;. rpiwf; Fs; ff;fd; fLikahf jhf; fg;gl;lhu;.mg;NghJ Vw; gl;l fhak; ,Wjptiu jOk; ghf mtuJ clypy; gjpe;J tpl;lJ. xd;wiu tUl fhyk; rpiwj; jz;lid mD gtpj;jhu; .

fhkuh[upd; ek;gpf;iff; Fk; ghuhl;LjYf;Fk; cupa rPlu; Mdhu;. 1952-57 fhyfl;lj; jpy; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpd uhfTk;> 1957-67 tiu rl;l kd;w cWg;gpduhfTk; Nju;e; njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. Kjypy; fhkuh[u; Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j mikr;ruitapYk; gpd;du; gf;jtr;ryk; mikr; ruhf ,Ue;j mikr;ruit apYk; mikr;ruhfr; nray; gl;lhu;. cs;Jiw> Ntshz;ik> mup[d eyj;Jiw cl;gl mikr;ruitg; nghWg;G fis 9 Mz;Lfhyk; tfpj; jhu;.

%d;Nw Kf;fhy; ehs; xU gjtp fpilj;jhNy thupr; RUl;Lfpw cyfpy;> fiwglhj fuq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhu uhfNt ,Ue;jhu;. nrhj;J Nru;f;ftpy;iy. jiyf;fdk; gpbf;ftpy;iy. vspikAk; Neu;ikAk; mtuJ kWnga uhapd. 1975-y; fhkuh[u; kiwTf;F gpd;du; jPtpu murp aiy tpl;L xJq;fptpl;lhu;.

mikr;ruha; ,Ue;jtu; muR NgUe;Jf;F fhj;J epd;W gazk; NghdJk;; kJiu nghJkUj;Jtkidapy; gLf;if $l ,y;yhky; jiuapy; gLj;jpUe;jJk; ehlwpe;j nra;jp.

1979k;Mz;L muR mt Uf;F ,ytr g]; gh]; >tPL> kUj;Jt trjp mspj;jJ. 1981 brk;gu; 28 Mk; ehs; ,e;jj; mu;g;gzpg;Gr; Rlu; mize; jJ. ff;fNdhL vspikAk; jpahfKk; fhq;fpurplk; ,Ue;J tpilngw;Wtpl;lJ. mtu;fs; ff;fid kwe;Jtpl;lhu;fs;. Mdhy; ehL kwf;ff; $lhJ. E}w;whz;L tpohtpy; mtiug; gw;wp cuf;fg; NgRNthk;.

(ed;wp: jPf;fjpu;)