rPdg; Gul;rpapd; 60tJ Mz;L epiwTf; $l;lk;  eilngWtijnahl;b ,f;fl;Liu gpuRukhfpwJ

Kd;Ndhbfs; kwf;fg;gltpy;iy rPdg; Gul;rpapd; ~ePz;l gazk;'

(vk;. gpnak;)

ve;jnthU ePz;l gazKk; Kjy; mbia vLj;J itg;gJlNdNa Muk;gkhfpd;wJ vd;gijf; $whj jiytu;fs; vtUk; ,d;W ,y;iy. Mdhy; ,e;jr; nrhw;fSf;F cupatu; jiytu; khNth Nr Jq;. rPdg; Gul;rpapd; 60k; Mz;L tpohit cyfg; ghl;lhspfSk;> Kw;Nghf;fhsu;fSk; nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> rPdg; Gul;rpapd; tuyhW 60 Mz;Lfs; khj;jpuNk epuk;gpajy;y. mjw;F ePz;l tuyhW cz;L. nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> 60 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; epfo;e;j ntw;wpfukhd Gul;rp ehd;fhtJ vd;W $l nrhy;yyhk;.

etPd rPd tuyhw;wpy; %d;W Gul;rp miyfs; Kd;du; mbj;Jr; nrd;wd. 1851 Kjy; 1864 tiuapyhd jha;gpq; Gul;rp> 1900-1901k; Mz;Lfspd; , `{ Fthd; (Lthd;) Gul;rp. ,J gpw;Nghf;fhd rpq; Ml;rpia miyabj;Jr; nrd;wJ. rd; ahl; nrd;dpd; jiyikapyhd Gul;rpahsu;fspd; T+r;rhq; vOr;rp> 1911k; Mz;bd; Gul;rp vd ngau; ngw;wJ. ,e;jg; Gul;rp epfo;e;j NghJ> jiytu; khNthTf;F 18 taJ.

cyfk; FOtjpYk; 1900 Mz;Lfspd; Muk;gj;jpy; Gul;rpfu ,af;fq;fs; Njhd;wp kf;fisf; fpsu;e;njor; nra;jd. 1905k; Mz;L u\;ahtpy; KjyhtJ Gul;rp ele;J Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mNj fhyg; gFjpapy;jhd;> 1905y; rPdg; Gul;rpfur; rq;fk; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjyhspj;Jtj; njhopy;JiwAk; tu;j;jfKk; XusTf;F tsu;r;rp fz;bUe;jd.

Fthq;lq;> `{g;Ng> `{]hd; kw;Wk; aq;Nd ejpapd; fPOs;s khfhzq;fspYk; Gjpa fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; gioa fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nghuhl;lk; $u;ikaile;jpUe;jJ. Gul;rpfur; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd; eltbf;iffs; ,e;jg; gFjpfisg; G+u;]{th-[dehafg; Gul;rpapd; Nfe;jpuq;fshf;fpd. ,jpy; T`hd; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. mq;F epytpa Gwepiy epiyikfSk; Gul;rpahsu;fspd; mfepiy Kaw;rpfSNk T`hdpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

19k; E}w;whz;bd; ,WjpapYk; 20k; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpYk; Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfs; jkJ Mf;fpukpg;Gr; rf;jpfis rPdhtpd; cs; gFjpf;F tp];jupj;jdu;. R+iwahliy mtu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l KjyhtJ ikak; T`hd; MFk;. `q;Nfht; thapyhd ntspehl;L tu;j;jfk; 1898k; Mz;L 50 kpy;ypad; mTd;RfspypUe;J 1902k; Mz;L 100 kpy;ypadhfTk; 1910y; 150 kpy;ypadhfTk; mjpfupj;jJ. ,J \q;fha;f;F mLj;jgbahf ,jid ehl;bd; ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;ngupa tu;j;jfj; JiwKfkhf;fpaJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpd; %ykhfNt Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfs; jkJ nghUs;fisf; Ftpj;jJld; tpiy Fiwe;j %yg; nghUl;fisg; gwpj;Jr; nrd;wd. rPdhtpd; cs; gFjpapy; tho;e;j kf;fSf;F ,J Kbtpy;yhj Jd;g Jauq;fisf; nfhz;L te;jJ.

tptrhapfspd; gue;j gFjpapdu;> gpw;Nghf;fhsu;fsJk;> cs;ehl;L-ntspehl;Lg; gpw;Nghf;fhsu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd neUf;fkhd Nkhjypd; Kjy; gypf;flhf;fs;. 1911k; Mz;by; Gul;rp eilngw;w NghJ T`hd; vd;w efuk;- %d;whf gpupe;jpUe;jJ. Gul;rpfu czu;TfSk;> gl;bdpf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lKk; jioj;Njhq;fpd. ,it vy;yhk; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; Ml;rpahsu;fSf;F vjpuhfg; ngUk; Nkhjy; epiyikfis vw;gLj;Jk; epiyapy; ,Ue;jd.

xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,uz;L ,yl;rk; Ngu; mfjpfshfp efuj;Jf;F ,lk;ngau;e;jdu;. ,jdhy;> Ntiyaw;Nwhupd; vz;zpf;if gy;fpg; ngUfpaJ. vdNt> T+rhq;fpy; ntbj;j Gul;rp GJikahdjy;y. ,ijtpl Kf;fpakhd tplak;> rpq; Gjpa ,uhZtg; gpupTfSf;Fs; gj;jhz;LfSf;F Nkyhf Nkw;nfhz;l gzpNa kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

[g;ghdpy; fy;tp fw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j T+ Y}-nrd; 1902k; Mz;L Fspu; fhyj;jpy; T+ `hDf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhu;. mtu; ,e;j khfhzj;jpd; ,uhZt tptfhuq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd gpujpg; gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. mtu; jd; kPJ cau; mjpfhupfs; itj;jpUe;j ek;gpf;if fhuzkhf> rPdj; JUg;Gfs; kj;jpapy; Gul;rpfuf; fUj;Jf;fis tpj;J}d;wr; nra;jhu;. gpd;du; mtu; gPfpq;fpw;F ,lkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l NghjpYk;> `¤ Ngapy; Gul;rpfu ,af;fj;jpw;fhd mbj;jsj;ij ,l;lhu;.

1903k; Mz;L Kjy;> rPdhtpy; kPsikg;Gf;fhd rq;fk;> rPd Njrpaj;jpd; Gj;njOr;rpf;fhd mikg;G cl;gl kw;Wk; gy Gul;rpfu ];jhgdq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. “Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhdhy; ,uhZt tPuu;fis ntd;nwLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,uhZt mzpfis ntd;nwLf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;. ePq;fs; ,uhZtj;jpy; NruNtz;Lk;” vd;gNj mg;Nghija jhuf ke;jpuk;. Mdhy;> 1904k; Mz;L> mg;Nghija rpq; murpdhy; xLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; Kf;fpakhd jiytu;fs; T+\hDf;Fj; jg;gpNahbdu;. gpd;du; ,e;j mikg;Gf;fs; fiye;J Nghapd. 1905y;> mjd; Muk;g cWg;gpdu;fs; ,t;T+rhq;fpy; thrpf miw xd;wpy; Gul;rpfu rQ;rpiffisAk; Gj;jfq;fisAk; fhl;rpf;F itj;jdu;.

jpdrup mwpTf; fofk; vd;w ngau; nfhz;l ,e;j thrpfrhiy 1906k; Mz;L epWtg;gl;lJ. kpf tpiutpNyNa 10>000 cWg;gpdu;fs; ,jpy; ,ize;jpUe;jdu;. thuh thuk; eilngw;w $l;lq;fs;> nrhw;nghopTfspy; cyf epiytuk;> rPd neUf;fb> ehl;ilg; ghJfhf;Fk; top tiffs;> kf;fspy; gy gFjpapdiuAk; nry;thf;Ff;F cl;gLj;Jk; top tiffs; Mfpad gw;wp mtu;fs; tpthjpj;jdu;. ,e;jf; fofk; 1905 Xf];by; tYthd Gul;rpfukhd mikg;ghfpaJ. me;jf; fhyj;jpy;jhd; rPdg; Gul;rpfuf; fofk; [g;ghdpy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

,e;jf; fofk; mikf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J rd; ahl; nrd; T+ fhdpy; ,aq;fp tUk; ,e;j ];jhgdk; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tu;. mtu;fSld; njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;jTk;> ];jhgd uPjpahd njhlu;ig Nkw;nfhs;sTkhf `¤ Ngf;Fj; jdJ Njhou;fis mDg;gpitj;jhu; rd;ahl; nrd;. 1906k; Mz;by; `¤dhd; khfhzj;jpy; Vw;gl;l vOr;rp> JNuhfpfspd; fhl;bf; nfhLg;Gf;F fhuzkhf gy jiytu;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu;. MapDk; gu];gu Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhd mikg;G kiwKfkhf ,e;jg; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,jw;Fg; gpd;du; Gul;rpfu mikg;GfSf;fpilNa fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;wpd.

MoNt&d;wpapUe;j cs;ehl;Lg; gpuptpidthjk; `¤g;Ngapy; Gul;rpfu mikg;Gf;fSf;F ,ilNa neUq;fpa xj;Jiog;Gf;F ,ilA+iw Vw;gLj;jpd. MapDk;> ,uz;L FOf;fSf;F ,ilapYk; rkurj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jd; fhuzkhf nrg;nlk;gu; khjk; ,uz;L mikg;GfisAk; xd;wpizf;Fk; gzp ntw;wpaile;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy; jhd; 1911k; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; 16k; jpfjp Gul;rpfu ,uhZtk; mur JUg;Gf;fisj; jhf;fpd. ,uhZt mDgtk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; mit elj;jpa jhf;Fjy;fs; tUq;fhyg; Gul;rpf;F fl;baq; $wpd.

T+ rhq; vOr;rp> gpw;Nghf;F Ml;rpahsu;fSf;F ,ilNa gpsit Vw;gLj;jpw;W. Vfhjpgj;jpak;> epyg;gpuGj;Jtk; Mfpatw;Wf;F vjpuhd Gul;rpfug; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; njhopyhsu;fSk;> tptrhapfSk;> giltPuu;fSk; mzpjpuz;ldu;. Nghuhl;lq;fs; gytw;wpd; gbg;gpidfNs khNr Jq;fpd; jiyikapy; rPdh Gjpa ghijapy;> mjd; ePz;l gazj;Jf;F xU KbTf;Fk;> Gjpa gazj;Jf;fhd njhlf;fj;ijAk; 60 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

kdpj tho;f;ifapy; gazk; vd;gJ RUf;fkhdNj. Mdhy;> xUehL vd;w tifapy; mjd; ghijapy; khw;wq;fSk; fuL KuLfisAk; fhz Neuplyhk;. ez;gu;fs; giftu;fshfyhk;. giftu;fs; ez;gu;fshfyhk;. Nrhtpaj; A+dpad;> ,e;jpah> rPdh Mfpatw;Wf;fpilapyhd cwTfSk; mtw;wpd; Vw;w ,wf;fq;fSk; VNjh xU tifapy; ,ijNa Fwpf;fpd;wd.

rPdf; fk;A+dp];l; ,af;fj;jpy; mt;tg;NghJ Vw;gl;l gpsTfSk; xw;WikfSk; ru;tNjr fk;A+dp];l; ,af;fj;jpd; tsu;r;rpfisf; Fwpf;fpd;wdNtad;wp mtw;wpd; tPo;r;rpfis my;y. tu;f;fq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs; gioatw;Wf;Fk; Gjpatw;Wf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs; Mfpd;wd. ,e;j Kuz;ghLfs;jhd; rKjhaj;ij Kd;js;spr; nry;fpd;wd. gioad fopaTk; Gjpad GfTk; toptFf;fpd;wd. rPdh> mjd; Gul;rpfukhd> ntw;wpfukhd tuyhw;wpy; 60tJ mbia vLj;J itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. tuyhw;wpd; ePz;l gazj;jpy; ,J 60tJ mbNa. mjd; ePz;l gazk; rKjhak; Kd;Ndw;wk; ntw;wpailAk; tiu Kbag; Nghtjpy;iy.