jpUf;Fws; fhl;Lk; rkj;Jtk;

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,y;ywj;jhUf;Fk; ey;ywk; GfYk; ,t;tpyf;fpak;> Jwtwj;jhiuAk; ,izj;Jr; rpe;jpf;fpwJ. jd;dstpy; cs;s gz;Gfis tpl;Lf;nfhLf; fhkYk;> cyf mstpy; Neak; NgZtijAk; Kd;dpWj;jp> vy;yhr; rhjpapdUf;Fk;> vy;yhr; rkaj;jhU f;Fk;> vy;yh ,dj;jtUf;Fk;> vy;yh nkhopapdUf;Fk; Vw;w ePjpia> ,e;jpag; nghJ mwj;ij eLepiyikNahL nkhopfpw cd;dj ,yf;fpak; jpUf;Fws;.

fhu;iyy; vd;w Nguhrpupau; ‘kf;fis ,izj;Jg; gpizf;f typik ngw;w xU Njrpa ,yf;fpak; Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. me;j tifapy;> ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bw;F Vw;w Njrpa ,yf;fpak; jpUf;Fws;jhd;.

‘,e;jpag; NguuR ,e;jpa xUikg;ghl;ilg; ngupJk; tpUk;GfpwJ- tpUk;gp typAWj;JfpwJ. ,e;jpa ehl;bd; ,izaw;w Njrpa ,yf;fpakhfj; jpUf;Fwis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;L kf;fs; midtiuAk; jpUf;Fws; rpe;jidapYk;> jpUf;Fws; newp tho;f;ifapYk; <Lglr; nra;jhy; ,e;jpa xUikg;ghL jhNd cUthFk;’ vd;ghu; jpUf;FwSf;F ,af;fk; fz;l Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu;.

jtQhdp =mutpe;ju;> jkpo; fw;wNjhL> jpUf;Fwspd; Kjy; ,U mjpfhuq;fisAk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngau;j;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtu; ‘,e;jpahtpd; Md;kh vd;w E}ypy; jpUf;Fwl; ngUikia> ,e;jpa ,yf;fpaq;fNshL ,dpJ xg;gpl;Lg; gpd;tUkhW tpsq;Ffpwhu;.

‘gpuNjr nkhopfspy; vOjg;gl;l E}y;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ,irg; ghly;fs;> gf;jpg; ghly;fs;> fhjy; – tPug;ghly;fs; KjypaitfNs. Mdhy; NtWghLfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> kfhuh\;bu Qhdpahd uhkjhrupd; rka xOf;fg; ghly;fisAk;> murpay; fUj;jike;j ghly;fisAk; jpUts;St ehadhu; ,aw;wpa jpUf;FwisAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

mjd; fl;Lf;Nfhg;gpYk;> vz;zj;jpd; jpz;ikapYk; nrhy;yhl;rpj; jpwdpYk; jpUf;Fws; FWtbtpy; nghJthd cz;ikfis ntspapLk; ftpij tifapy; jiyrpwe;J tpsf;Ffpd;wJ’ vd;whu;.

‘jpUf;Fwspd; cWjpAk; njspTk; nghUspy; MoKk; tpupTk; moFk; fUjp> jkpo;r;rhjp mkuj;jd;ik cilaJ’ vd;W ghba ghujpahupd; cs;sf;fplf;ifNahL xj;Jg; NghfpwJ. mutpe;ju; jk; jpUf;Fws; gw;wpa fUj;Njhl;lk; ,e;jpar; rpe;jidahsu;fNshL Vida jkpo; QhdpfisAk; Kd;dpWj;jpj; jpUts;Stiug; Nghw;Wfpwhu; mutpe;ju;> ,e;jpau; kl;Lkd;wp> cyfg; NguwpQu;fs; gyUk; cte;J Nghw;wp> Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ngUik jpUf;FwSf;F cz;L. INuhg;gpaj; jkpowpQuhd ng];fp ghjpupahu; 1730 ,y; Kg;ghyhd jpUf;Fws; KjypU ghy;fisAk;> yj;jPdpy; nkhopngau;j;jhu;.

jiyrpwe;j gpnuQ;R Nkij vk;. Vupay;> 1848,y; jpUf;Fwspd; rpy gFjpfis gpnuQ;rpy; nkhopngau;j;jhu;. mtUf;F Kd;Ng 1730,y; ngau; njupahj Xu; Mrpupau; nra;j gpnuQ;R nkhopngau;g;ig epidT$Uk; mtu;> jpUf;Fws; gpuhd;]; Njrj;jpd; Njrpa E}yfj;jpy; ,Ug;gijAk; Rl;Lfpwhu;.

N[u;kd; ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j lhf;lu; fpuh]; vd;ghUf;Fj; jpUf;Fwspd; Mq;fpy E}y; xd;W guprspf;fg;gl;lJ. jpUf;Fwspd; fUj;Jfshy; <u;f;fg;gl;l mtu;> %yj;jpy; gbg;gjw;fhfNt jkpo; fw;whu;.

gpd;du;> 1854 ,y; n[u;kdpapYk; 1856 ,y; yj;jPdpYk; nkhopngau;j;jhu; vdpDk; mjdhy; jpUg;jpAwhj mtu; ‘ve;j nkhopngau;g;Gk; kdq;ftUk; mjd; khz;gpid ntspf;nfhzu KbahJ. mJ cz;ikapy; nts;sp Ntiyg;ghL nfhz;l jq;f Mg;gps; fdp’ vd;W mwptpj;jhu;.

jkpo; khztd; vd;W jk;ik mioj;Jf; nfhz;l [p. A. Nghg;> 1886,y; jpUf;Fwis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngau;j;Jj; je;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtu;> jpUf;Fwis Kd;itj;J nkhope;j thrfq;fs; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;fit. ‘FwSf;Fg; Gfo; Nru;f;Fk; kpf Kf;fpa mk;rk;> mjd; ,izaw;w ftpij tbtk;. me;jj; jiyrpwe;j jkpo;r; nrhy;Nyhtpaupd; $w;Wf;F ,e;j tbtk; nrwptpidf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ’ vd;W jpUts;StUf;Fg; Gfohuk; R+l;b kfpo;fpwhu;.

,t;thW jpUf;Fwis czu;e;J Xjpa ngUkf;fs; jj;jk; nkhopfspy; mjid nkhopahf;fk; nra;J Nkd;ik ngw;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ,Jtiuapy; eupf;Fwtu;fs; NgRk; ‘thf;upNghyp’ cs;spl;l 34 nkhopfspy;> jpUf;FwSf;nfd;W 130 nkhopngau;g;Gfs; ntspte;Js;sd.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; kl;Lk; Rkhu; ehw;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nkhopngau;g;Gfs; cs;sd. yj;jPd;> n[u;kd;> gpnuQ;r;> lr;R> gpd;dp\;> Nghyp\;> u\;ad;> rPdk;> gp[p> kyha;> gu;kpak; Mfpa may;ehl;L nkhopfspYk; tlnkhop> ,e;jp> cUJ> njYq;F> kiyahsk; Mfpa ,e;jpa nkhopfspYk; jpUf;Fws; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhFg;G: fjpu;