,d;Dk; vt;tsT ehl;fs; ngz;fs; fhj;jpUg;gJ...?

(Nguh.Mu;.re;jpuh)

nrg;lk;gu; 19> 1893. Kjd;Kiw ahf ngz;fs; khngUk; Nghuhl;lk; elj;jp thf;Fupik ngw;wjpdk;. mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf> rl;lkpaw;wp ngz;fSf;F thf;Fupik mspj;j Kjy;ehL epA+rpyhe;J. fpsh];Nfh gpuGthy; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;L 19.9.1893y; ngz;fSf;F thf;Fupik cz;L vd;w rl;lk; mkYf;F te;jJ. ngz;fspd; ,lk; tPL jhd; vd;Wk;> nghJtho;f;if vd;gJ Mz;fSf;fhdJ vd;gij vjpu;j;J> Mapuf;fzf;fpy; gbj;j> eLj;ju tu;f;f ngz;fs; Jtf;fpa thf;Fupik Nghuhl;lk;> murpay; kw;Wk; rl;l cupikfs; gw;wp tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

ngupahu;> ghujpiag; Nghy;...!

gy cyf ehLfspy; ngz;fspd; cupikfSf;fhf cuf;f FunyOg;gpa Mz;fs; cz;L. jkpofj;jpy; Mz;fSf;F rkkhf ngz;fSk; nghJ tho;tpy; <LglNtz;Lnkd NgrpaJld; kl;Lkpd;wp murpay; Nkilfspy; ngz;fis jiyik jhq;f itj;jtu; ngupahu;. epA+rpyhe;jpy; [hd; `hy;> [_ypa]; NthNf> [hd; ghyd;]; Nghd;w Mz; murpay;thjpfs; ngz;fs; murpaYf;F tuNtz;Lnkd;Wk;> thf;Fupik mjw;F Kjw;gb vd;Wk; $wp MjuT mspj;jdu;. 1878> 1879> 1887 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; ngz;fSf;F thf;Fupik NfhUk; kNrhjh jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> mJ epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy. 1885 Kjy; thf;Fupik ,af;fk; tYg;ngwj; Jtq;fpaJ. Nfl; n\g;gu;L vd;w ngz;kzp 1891y; thf;Fupik Nfhup ifnaOj;J ,af;fj;ij njhlq;fpdhu;. 1891y;> 9000 ifnaOj;Jf;fSk;> 1892y; 20 Mapuk;> 1893y; 32 Mapuk; ifnaOj;Jf;fs; ngwg;gl;ld.

kJghd fil mjpgu;fspd; vjpu;g;G miy!

ngz;fs; thf;Fupik tYg;ngwj; Jtq;fpa NghJ> epA+rpyhe;jpd; kpfg; ngupa kJghd cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> ghu; cupikahsu;fs; xd;W Nru;e;J kNrhjhit Klf;Fk; Ntiyfis n`d;wp ];kpj; gp\; vd;gtu; jiyikapy; nra;a Muk;gpj;jdu;. 1891y; Kw;Nghf;F rpe;jid nfhz;l fl;rp Ml;rpf;F te;jJ. ngz;fSf;F NguhjuT mspj;j [hd; ghyd;]; 1893y; kuzkile;jhu;. ,Ue;Jk; Nghuhl;lk; jPtpukile;jJ. 8.9.1893y; kNrhjh jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mij vjpu;j;J kJghdf;fil mjpgu;fs; kD mspj;jdu;. ,Wjpapy; mtu;fspd; vjpu;g;ig jhz;b> 20 thf;Ffs; MjuthfTk;> 18 thf;Ffs; vjpuhfTk; gjpthfp> kNrhjh ntw;wpfukhf epiwNtwpaJ. “ngz;fs;> Gjpa ek;gpf;ifAld; ngz; tpLjiyf;fhf ,dp (19.9.1893) nray;gLthu;fs;” vd;W vOjg;gl;lJ. njUf;fspy; vy;yhk; cw;rhfk; gPwpl;lij ‘f;iu];l; ru;r;’ gj;jpupif ntspapl;lJ.

rl;lKk; khw;wKk;

rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lTlNdNa> ngupa khw;wk; epfo;e;Jtpltpy;iy. 1919y; jhd; epA+rpyhe;jpy; ngz;fs; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl Kbe;jJ. 1933y; jhd; vyprngj; nkf;Nfhk; vd;w ngz; vk;.gp.ahf Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. epA+rpyhe;jpy; eilngw;w Nghuhl;lj;jpd; vjpnuhypia kw;w ehLfspy;> Fwpg;ghf mnkupf;fhtpy; fhzKbe;jJ. R+rd; mz;Nlhdp vd;w ngz; jiyikapy; murpay; cupikfSf;fhf ngz;fs; Nghuhbdu;.

Nrh\ypr ehLfs; ngz;fSf;F murpaypy; <Lgl Cf;fkspj;jd. cyfpd; Kjy; ngz; mikr;ru; mnyf;rhz;l;uh Nfhyd;jha; Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; A+dpadpy; 1919y; r%fey fkprhuhf nghWg;Ngw;whu;. cyfpd; 2tJ ngz; fhgpndl; mikr;ru; nld;khu;f;fpd; epdh ghq; (1924-26). cyfpy; Kjy; Kiwahf khepy ftu;du; nghWg;ig tfpj;jtu; Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; Fbaurpd; cf;iud; khepy ftu;du; vt;fpdpah Ngh\; vd;w ngz; (1917-1918).

,l xJf;fPLk; ngz;fSk;

,d;W cyfpNyNa ,lxJf;fPL ,y;yhky;> mjpf mstpy; ngz;fs; murpay; nghWg;Gfis tfpg;gJ fpA+ghtpy;jhd; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 43.2 rjtpfpjk; ngz;fs; mikr;ru;fs;> Jiz mikr;ru;fs; vd gy kl;lq;fspy; nghWg;G tfpf;fpd;wdu;. 2008y; ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;ifapd;gb

(Centre for Spcial Research) cyfpYs;s midj;J ehLfisAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; fPo; rigfspy; 18.4 rjk;> Nky; rigfspy; 17.2 rjk; ngz;fs; ehlhSkd;wq;fspy; nray;gLfpd;wdu;. 1952y; I.eh. rig ngz;fspd; murpay; cupikfis typAWj;jp khehL elj;jpaJk; gy ehLfspy; ce;J rf;jpahf mike;jJ. 1979y; ngz;fs; kPjhd ghugl;rq;fis ePf;Fk; khehLk;> 1995y; nga;[pq; cyf kfspu; khehLk; ngz;fis murpaypy; <L gLj;j typAWj;jpd. ,e;jpahtpYk;> gQ;rhaj;Jfspy; jw;NghJ 50 rjk; ,l xJf;fPL vd;gJ ey;y tp\ak;. kpFe;j tsu;r;rp ngw;wjhf fUjg;gLk; mnkupf;fhtpy; Nky;rigapy; 77 ngz;fSk;> fPo;rig(nrdl;)apy; 16 ngz;fSk; cs;sdu;. 8 khepy ftu;du;fs; ngz;fs;. cyfpy; ehlhSkd;wq;fspy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;G vg;gb cs;sJ? Kjy; 10 ,lq;fis gpbf;Fk; ehLfs;.

1. Uthz;lh - 56.3 %

2. ];tPld; - 47.0 %

3. fpA+gh - 43.2 %

(,lxJf;fPL ,y;yhkNyNa)

4. gpd;yhe;J - 41.5 %

5. neju;yhe;J - 41.5 %

6. mu;n[d;bdh - 40.0 %

7. nld;khu;f; - 38.0 %

8. mq;Nfhyh - 37.3 %

9. Nfh];lhupfh - 36.8 %

10. ];ngapd; - 36.3 %

gzf;fhu> Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspy; murpay; jlk; gjpf;f ngUk; Nghuhl;lj;ij ngz;fs; njhlu;fpd;wdu;.

,e;jpahtpy; kf;fsitapy; 9.2 rjtpfpjKk;> Nkyitapy; 8.6 rjtpfpjKk; ngz;fs;. 32 Nfgpdl; ke;jpupfspy; 2 Ngu; ngz;fs;. kf;fsit rghehafu; ngz;. [dhjpgjp ngz;. ,Ug;gpDk; 33 rjtpfpjk; ,lxJf;fPL vd;gJ rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;gij ve;j tpjj;jpYk; epahag;gLj;jNt KbahJ.

I.eh. rigapd; 192 cWg;G ehLfspy; 8 ehLfspy; kl;LNk ngz;fs; gpujku; mjpguhf cs;sdu; vd ([dtup 2008) I.eh. mwpf;if Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ.